Chrysobothris igniventris
| Chrysobothris igniventris | ||||||||||||
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Chrysobothris igniventris |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chrysobothris igniventris | ||||||||||||
| Reitter , 1895 |
Chrysobothris igniventris is a beetle from the family of the jewel beetle . The genus Chrysobothris is represented in Europe with nine species , in Central Europe with four species. In the first description , Chrysobothris igniventris was separatedfrom Chrysobothris solieri mainly because of color differences as an eastern street. Further differences in characteristics were found later and Chrysobothtris igniventris was upgraded to a species. However, recent studies of transitional forms in Bavaria question whether the classification as a species is justified.
The beetle is listed in the Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany under category one (threatened with extinction). It does not occur in most federal states or in Switzerland.
Notes on the name
Chrysobothris igniventris was first described by Reitter in 1895 with the genus that is still valid today. The description was given in the form of an identification key. Reitter demarcated the characteristics of the underside green or green-blue, very shiny, the sides purple-red, on the abdominal segments with purple-gold triangular, always sharply demarcated coloring ... in igniventris, monotonous copper-colored in solieri against the belly . This explains the species name ignivēntris from the Latin "ígnis" for "fire" and "vénter" for "belly". The scientific name of the genus Chrysobothris (from ancient Greek χρῡσός "chrysós" for "gold" and βόθρος "bóthros" for "pit") corresponds to the German genus name gold mine jewel beetle.
   
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| Fig. 1: Females, different views |
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Fig. 2: Section of the wing cover, 2nd rib (blue) and 3rd rib (red) dotted |
Properties of the beetle
The length of the beetle varies between 6.5 and 11.5 millimeters. The beetle has the typical boat shape of the jewel beetle, but it is relatively flat. The top is dark copper-colored and shiny, the head and breastplate a little lighter.
Seen from above, the head is much wider than it is long. The indentations into which the antennae are inserted (antennae cavities) have a tooth on the front. The eleven-part feelers are widened inwards from the fifth part (sawn). The first and third antennae are extraordinarily long, the second very short.
The eyes are drawn closer together on the forehead.
The pronotum is almost twice as wide as it is long. It is only slightly convex on the sides, concave on both sides at the base and significantly narrower than the elytra .
The wing covers are finely serrated in the rear third on the outer edge towards the tip. They have multiple ribs. These are only weakly developed, the spaces between them are uniformly punctured , not wrinkled transversely as in the species Chrysobothris chrysostigma . On each wing cover there are three large, flat, gold-green to brass-colored pits, one behind the other. The foremost is near the pronotum and is the least noticeable. The middle and rear ribs are relatively wide, so that they go beyond both the second and third ribs and are not narrower than two spaces in between (Fig. 2). This property shares the species within the European representatives of the genus only with Chrysobothris solieri .
The thighs are strong, the strongly developed fore thighs carry a blunt tooth forward. The tarsi are all five-part (tarsi formula 5-5-5). The second to fourth tarsal link is lobed, the claws are imperforate.
The underside with a strong metallic sheen is green or green-blue, the sides on the abdominal segments have a sharply triangular purple-gold color. The gray hair is thicker on the sides. The rear edge of the last abdominal segment (anal segment) is three-pointed in the female, the lateral teeth are long and thorn-shaped, in contrast to Chrysobothris solieri, they run almost parallel. The keel tooth located in the middle is shorter and sharp-edged. In the male, the anal segment is deeply delineated. The corners of the neckline are pointed. In both sexes, unlike Chrysobothris solieri , the sides of the anal segment are without longitudinal wrinkles.
biology
The occurrence of the beetle is relatively limited seasonally, it can be found in July and August. The species develops in pines. Sunlit branches about three centimeters thick are attacked. The infestation of branches over ten centimeters thick in the crown area has also been reported from the Czech Republic. The development takes two years. The species is assigned to the ecological group of living wood colonists. Settlement takes place depending on the moisture content of the wood up to about a year after the infected part of the plant has died. In Bavaria, the species is classified as a pointer species for autochthonous pine locations that are missing in secondary pine forests. The reason is assumed to be the lower temperature and the higher humidity in pine forests.
Abies alba and Pseudotsuga taxifolia have also been reported as host plants for Chrysobothris igniventris from Poland .
distribution
It is in Chrysobothris igniventris a kind of eastern distribution area. The western limit of distribution is in Italy . The beetle has also been reported from Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Poland and the Ukraine . There are also reports of finds from Romania and in the catalog of the jewel beetles of Bulgaria the species is also shown on a distribution map. The occurrences are, however, very locally limited (maps of the Czech Republic and Bulgaria).
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X . P. 228
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 99
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 p. 191
Individual evidence
- ↑ Systematics of the genus Chrysobothris from Fauna Europaea, accessed on December 4, 2016
- ↑ a b Systematics and distribution of the species Chrysobothris igniventris in Fauna Europaea, accessed on December 4, 2016
- ↑ a b Edmund Reitter : Synoptic overview of the Chrysobothris species with pits on the wing covers, from the palaearctischen Fauna in Wiener Entomologische Zeitung Vol. 14 Vienna 1895 p. 127, p. 129
- ↑ a b Jürgen Schmidl: Xylobionte beetles near-natural pine forests of the Regnitz area - Species spectrum, nature conservation aspects and comments on fauna and ecology of selected species in contributions to Bavarian entomofaunistics 2: 51-72, Bamberg (1997), ISSN 1430-015X p. 6:56 ( Living wood inhabitants) and p. 12: 62ff (genus?)
- ↑ Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany, Register 1998, p. 49
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Coleo-net identification tables for the genus
- ^ J. Foit: The fauna of cambioxylophagous insects on Scots pine trees declined after spells of drought in 2003 in JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE , 53, 2007 (7): 334–339 pp. 3 and 336
- ↑ Heinz Bußler, Stefan Müller-Kroehling: Beetle species as indicators of autochthonous pine locations in Bavaria Table 1
- ↑ Gutowski JM, Milkowski M: Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of the Kozienicka Forest in Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 2008, vol: 27, number: 2, pages: 49-85 Abstract
- ↑ Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 . P. 60, p. 64
- ↑ Heinz Bussler, Jörg Müller, Volker Dorka: European Natural Heritage: The saproxylic beetles in the proposed Pracul National Defileul Jiului Anale ICAS 48 [1]
- ↑ a b p. 150 Distribution map for Bulgaria in the Google book search
- ↑ Distribution map for the Czech Republic
