Wrinkled thorn-breast jewel beetle
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Wrinkled thorn-breasted jewel beetle ( Chrysobothris chrysostigma ) |
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| Chrysobothris chrysostigma | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The wrinkled thornbreast jewel beetle , also gold point mountain jewel beetle , ( Chrysobothris chrysostigma ) is a beetle from the family of jewel beetles and the subfamily of Chrysobothrinae . The beetle is much rarer than the similar gold mine oak jewel beetle ( Chrysobothris affinis ), but more common than the third Central European and also very similar species of the genus , Chrysobothris solieri . In Europe, the genus Chrysobothris includes nine species.
Notes on the name
The scientific name of the genus Chrysobothris (from ancient Greek χρῡσός "chrysós": "gold" and βόθρος "bóthros": "pit") corresponds to the German genus name gold mine jewel beetle. The golden colored pit-like depressions of the wing coverts are also named by the species name chrysostigma , which is exceptionally also of ancient Greek origin (ancient Greek χρῡσός "chrysós": "gold" and στίγμα "stígma": "point"). The first description is that of Linnaeus under the name Buprestis chrysostigma in the famous tenth edition of his Systema Naturae . In it Linné refers to his earlier description of the beetle in the Svecica fauna , but this does not yet comply with the rules of binomial nomenclature . In this, the beetle is described by elytris maculis aeneis impressis ( Latin with golden indented spots on the wing covers).
Characteristics of the beetle
The robust body is about two and a half times as long as it is wide, parallel in the middle and bluntly pointed towards the rear. It reaches a length of 11 to 16 millimeters. The top is coppery to dark, with more or less noticeable pits on the wing covers.
The head is short, the mouthparts point downwards at an angle. The large eyes reach the pronotum . They approach each other backwards, the forehead is narrow. The eleven-link antennae are slightly bent behind the base link. The pits in which the feelers are turned are in front of the eyes. They are only a little apart and serrated in front. The first and third antennae are significantly longer than the others.
The wrinkled dotted pronotum is roughly rectangular, wider than it is long and a little narrower in front than behind. The front corners are rounded, the rear corners roughly rectangular.
On the wing covers clearly protruding longitudinal ribs run over the entire length. These are only weakly developed in the two other Central European species, especially in the front wing area. The spaces in between are sculpted irregularly wrinkled. The shoulders are rounded. Behind it, the outer edges of the wing covers run parallel to each other for about two thirds of their length, after which they approach each other in a straight line until they end together rounded. The edge of the wing coverts is often also colored and can shine golden or purple. There are three red-gold to thoroughly colored pits on each wing cover. The foremost is longitudinally oval, relatively small and inconspicuous. It is closer to the base of the wing, the scutellum, than to the lateral edge. The middle pit is large, roughly round; it lies a little behind the middle of the parallel section of the wing-cover equidistant from the wing-cover seam and outer edge. The rearmost pit is a little larger and transversely oval; it is located farthest outward, a little before the corner at which the narrowing of the elytra begins.
The underside and legs are green to golden or purple in color. The strongly developed fore legs are serrated in front. The fore chest is extended backwards on the underside between the front hips (Prosternal process). The prosternal process ends with three teeth, the lateral ones of which are much shorter than the terminal tooth. The last segment of the abdomen is cut out in the male, but just trimmed in the female.
biology
The larvae develop in coniferous wood, in Central Europe almost exclusively in Norway spruce , occasionally in silver fir . Outside of Central Europe, a few other conifer species are also used as host plants, such as various types of pine .
The eggs are laid in freshly dead or felled trees in a sun-exposed location. The larvae feed under the bark in the cambium . Pupation takes place a little below the surface in the sapwood. The development takes two years. Wood suitable for breeding is only available in abundance in exceptional cases (e.g. after a wind break). The beetles can cover large distances in flight. The populations are subject to strong fluctuations.
The beetles appear in Tyrol from June to September. They are active early in the afternoon and flee quickly. Accumulations of individuals and copulations on trees other than the host plants were also observed. In France representatives of the species have been found up to 1800 m high ( subalpine ).
distribution
The species is common boreo-montane in the coniferous forest area of the entire Palearctic . It is missing in the north German level and is also not reported from the Benelux countries. It occurs only rarely and in places in the foothills of the Alps and the Alps. In the south it is absent in Spain and Portugal , in the north in Finland and in the north of the European part of Russia .
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X .
- Fritz Brechtel, Hans Kostenbader (ed.): The splendor and stag beetles of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3526-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Chrysobothris chrysostigma in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 29, 2012
- ↑ Chrysobothris (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 29, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genera)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae .... 1st volume, 10th edition, Stockholm 1758 p. 413: 409 No. 7 chrysostigma
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Fauna Svecica .... Stockholm 1746 p. 180 No. 556
- ↑ Klaus Koch : Die Käfer Mitteleuropas Ökologie . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 .
- ↑ Petr Zabransky: Xylobionte beetle in the wilderness area Dürrenstein in Das Life-Projekt Wildnisgebiet Dürrenstein, research report, results of the accompanying research 1997-2001 St.Pölten 2001 as PDF ( memento of the original from January 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
