Cladonota
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| Stål , 1869 |
Cladonota is a genus of the humpback cicadas or humpback chirps ( Membracidae ), a family of round-headed cicadas (Cicadomorpha) from the superfamily of the Membracoidea , which are of particularly unusual shapes. Sphongophorus is an old (invalid) synonym of Cladonota .
The genus contains 55 species that occur in northern South America, Central America and Mexico (Neotropic) and is divided into four different subgenera (only one species cannot be assigned to any of the subgenera).
The species have very unusual shapes, usually the pronotum has a distinct forward or upward extension, so that the shape of a capital C is often created. A second, upwardly directed extension is often formed further back. The color is usually brown, yellowish or reddish. Most species have a sexual dimorphism. The overall shape of the Cladonota cicadas is used as a camouflage, they are often not easily recognized as cicadas in the field. They are often reminiscent of a piece of dry bark, bird droppings, or even plant bile.
The adults are usually found individually, with some species the larvae are often in groups. Sometimes the larvae are associated with ants. Little is known about the way of life. The males of C. apicalis produce sounds (substrate vibrations) with which they are believed to attract females. Additional tones are emitted during copulation.
The Cladonota cicadas occur on very different plants whose juices ( phloem ) they suck.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dawn J. Flynn: Review of the Genus Cladonota Stål (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae: Hypsoprorini) with Keys, Illustrations of Adults, and Known Nymphs, and Description of a New Species from Costa Rica. I. Introduction and Subgenus Falculifera McKamey . In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington . tape 120 , no. 4 , October 2018, ISSN 0013-8797 , p. 725-747 , doi : 10.4289 / 0013-8797.120.4.725 ( bioone.org [accessed March 11, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c Godoy, C. et al .: Treehoppers of tropical America . Ed .: Instituto National de Biodiversidad. 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 , pp. 356 p .
- ^ Lin, Chung-Ping: Social behavior and live history of membracine treehoppers . In: Journal of Natural History . tape 40 , p. 1887-1907 .
literature
- Carolina Godoy, Ximena Miranda, Kenji Nishida: Membrácidos de la América Tropical / Treehoppers of Tropical America . INBio, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 .
