Kobandoi

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The Kobandoi or Kobandi (Greek: Κοβανδοί) are a Germanic tribe that is only documented by Ptolemy ( Geographics 2, 11, 7). Ptolemy located them in his list of Germanic tribes on the southern Cimbrian Peninsula ( Jutland ), today's Schleswig-Holstein . Apart from this mention of the Kobandi, nothing else has come down to us; at best, ethnographic considerations in comparison with the list of peoples by Tacitus in Germania c. 40 possible backgrounds and name-based investigations.

Localization

Ptolemy describes the settlement conditions of the Germanic tribes on the peninsula as follows: He divides them geographically into four latitudes or strips and enumerates the groups settling there from west to east. He locates the Kobandi in the southernmost strip as the most easterly seated tribe, whose direct southern neighbors are the Saxons , in their "latitude" their direct western neighbors are initially the Sabalingioi and in the next latitude north the Chalier (2, 12, 62).

Tacitus does not know the Kobandi and his lists are only partially confirmed by Ptolemy, who wrote later, so that Hermann Reichert sees the differences in the time interval between the two authors and in their sources justifiable. Ptolemy obviously used as sources in particular reports from traders or their detailed initiatives with smaller ethnic units as trading partners in Germania Magna. Tacitus' older sources, which mainly covered historically larger superordinate groups, are primarily of a historical-military nature from the time of the Julio-Claudian principate. For example, it is assumed in research that the Kobandi are a local subgroup or a sub-tribe of the Warnings . Another reason for the different lists of names is seen in the ethno-social conditions that have changed in the meantime. Smaller groups integrated themselves into larger ethnic units or were forcibly integrated through internal Germanic warlike processes, while others separated themselves. Reichert points out that the names of larger groups still shape landscape names on the Kimbian peninsula (fishing, Harthesysael ( Haruden ), Himbersysel ( Himmerland Kimbern)), and especially that the Saxons were not yet present at Tacitus.

Surname

According to the geographical location within (northern) Germania, the name can only be Germanic, but for Reichert it is difficult to explain the short o from Germanic, as he sees the whole name as difficult to interpret (the Greek o with Rudolf Much as a substitute for Latin short u). Much started with the Germanic * Kubandjaz form and compared it with the Norwegian kubbe = "tree trunk, block of wood " from * Kumbe . Later he set a Ακκόβαρδοι in the hypothesis that Ptolemy wrongly localized the Kobandi and that they were not to be located north but south of the Saxons because of incorrect degrees of latitude. Another construction of the older research was the form * Καθυβαρδοί in relation to the Heaðobearden from the old English Beowulf and Widsith (cf. Bardengau ), which were also located more southerly, near the Elbe . Reichert and Sitzmann / Grünzweig reject these older constructions, on the one hand, because the geometric deviations in Ptolemy are regular and not arbitrary, and on the other hand, the single naming ( Hapax legomenon ) keeps the ethnonym dark and opaque. Reichert also sees Ptolemy's well-known misspellings as a risk and generally recommends to be careful when interpreting these restrictive basic assumptions.

See also

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Σιγούλωνες, Σαβαλίγγιοι, Κοβανδοί
  2. ↑ The Lombards in the midst of numerous, very strong tribes. [...] Then the Reudigner, Avionen, Anglier, Variner, Eudosen, Suardonen and Nuitonen. Manfred Fuhrmann : Tacitus Germania. Latin / German. (= RUB No. 9391). Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-15-009391-7 , p. 54 ff.
  3. ^ Rudolf Much: Goths and Ingwäonen. In: Contributions to the history of German language and literature 17 (1893), pp. 178–221; here 200.
  4. ↑ Hermann Möller: Review article on: Axel Erdmann, Heimat und Name der fishing. In: Anzeiger für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 22 (1896), pp. 129–164; here 154.