Cohors IV Tungrorum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cohors IV (or IIII ) Tungrorum [milliaria] [vexillatio] ( German  4th cohort of Tungerer [1000 men] [vexillatio] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition occurs in the military diplomas from 121/132 to 139 and the diploma from 162/203 as well as an inscription. In the military diplomas from 121/132 to 139 and the inscription, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
  • vexillatio : a delegation from the cohort (see Vexillatio ). The addition occurs in military diplomas from 121/132 to 161.

Since there is no reference to the addition of equitata (partially mounted) to the name , it can be assumed that it is a Cohors milliaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 800 men, consisting of 10 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Noricum , Raetia and Mauretania Tingitana . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 95 to 162/203.

The first evidence of unity in Noricum is based on a diploma dated 95. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Noricum ) that were stationed in the province. The unit may be listed on two other Noricum diplomas .

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort (or just a vexillation from the unit) was moved to Raetia , where it is documented for the first time by a diploma dated 121/132. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Raetia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 129 to 140/147, prove unity in the same province.

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to Mauretania Tingitana , where it is first evidenced by diplomas dated 153. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Mauretania ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 154 to 162/203, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 222/232.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Mauretania Tingitana were possibly:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Cohors III Tungrorum

A Cohors III Tungrorum is listed on the diploma of 139 . According to Paul Holder, however , a Cohors III Tungrorum is otherwise not documented, so that it is probably the Cohors IV Tungrorum .

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ The assignment of the two diplomas of 133 ( CIL 16, 174 ) and 135/138 ( RMD 2, 93 ) to the Tungrer cohorts in question is controversial.
  2. ↑ According to Robert Nouwen, it is conceivable that only one vexillation was moved from the unit to Raetia , since the addition vexillatio is used in all diplomas for Raetia in the cohort .
  3. ↑ a b According to Robert Nouwen, the diploma of 162/203 and the inscription of 222/232 prove that the entire cohort was in the province at this point in time, as the addition vexillatio is missing.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c inscription ( IAM2,824 )
  2. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 207-208, 231-232.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 160, 176 tables 4, 18 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ a b Farkas István Gergő: The Roman Army in Raetia Dissertation, University of Pécs Faculty of Humanities, 2015, pp. 170–171, 248–250, 252–253, 436, 447–449, 451–452 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.idi.btk.pte.hu
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 95 ( AE 2009, 993 ), 121/132 ( RMD 1, 25 ), 129 ( RMD 4, 243 ), 138/140 ( RMD 2, 94 ), 139 ( RMD 5, 386 ), 140 / 147 ( RMD 3, 166 ), 153 ( RMD 5, 409 , RMD 5, 410 , RMM 34 , ZPE-153-202 , ZPE-162-244 , ZPE-162-251 ), 154 ( RMD 1, 48 ), 156/157 ( CIL 16, 181 , CIL 16, 182 ), 161 ( RMD 2, 107 ) and 162/203 ( RMD 3, 186 ).
  6. ^ Robert Nouwen: The Vexillationes of the Cohortes Tungrorum During the Second Century In: Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Oxbow Monograph 91, 1997, pp. 461-465, here p. 463 ( online ).
  7. ↑ Paul Holder : Roman Military Diplomas V (= Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 88), Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London 2006, pp. 794–795, no. 386, note. 6th