GNU Core Utilities

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GNU Core Utilities

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Basic data

developer GNU project
Current  version 8.32
(March 5, 2020)
operating system available for
Unix , Unixoide etc. a. POSIX compatible;
pre-installed with
GNU / Linux , Haiku , ...
programming language C.
category Unix programs
License GPL
German speaking Yes
gnu.org/software/coreutils

The GNU Core Utilities (, main resources'), short coreutils , are from the GNU project under the General Public License published collection of basic command line - programs such as for listing files used ls . The collection provides the functionality of the usual Unix commands and is available for many different operating systems, in particular for GNU / Linux , but also for Windows with the WSL or Cygwin . The command line programs are based on the POSIX standard , but are deliberately not fully compliant. As usual with Unix, the programs are limited to a specific task. This allows them to be easily inserted into more extensive commands or programs or scripts (see Unix philosophy ).

Many hardware platforms are supported , for example x86 , SPARC , ARM and PowerPC .

The collection combines the originally individually offered packages textutils (for texts), shellutils (for the shell ), and fileutils (for files) in one. It is also maintained in other compilations, for example BusyBox contains versions of most of the programs listed below.

Programs included

The Debian package coreutils 5.2.1-2 contains the following programs:
File Utilities
chgrp Changes the group of files or directories ch ange gr ou p
chown Changes the owner of files or directories ch ange own he
chmod Changes the permissions of files or directories ch is mod e
cp Copies files or directories c o p y
dd Converts and copies files d ump d ata
df Shows the free space of a file system d isk space f ree
dir How ls dir ectory
dircolors Defines colors for ls dir ectory entry colors
install Copies files and directories and sets attributes Install
ln Creates links to files or directories l ink n ode
ls Lists files or directories l i s t directory
mkdir Creates directories m a k e dir ectory
mkfifo Creates pipes ( FIFOs ) m a k e ' f irst i n f irst o ut'
mknod Creates device files m a k e nod e
mv Moves or renames files or directories m o v e
rm Deletes files r e m ove
rmdir Deletes directories (also recursively) r e m ove dir ectory
shred Deletes files irretrievably by overwriting them shred file
sync Writes file system buffers to disk sync hronize data
touch Changes the timestamps of files and directories touch file attributes
vdir Variant of dir v ariant of you
Text utilities
cat Appends files to each other con cat enate files
cksum Calculates checksums and the number of bytes of files c hec k sum
comm Compares two sorted files line by line com pare & m erge (?)
csplit Divides files into multiple parts depending on their content split via c ontext line
cut Removes sections from each line of a file cut parts of a file
expand Converts tab characters to spaces expand white space
fmt Simple text formatter f or m at t ext
fold Breaks lines to a certain length. No UTF-8 support -
head Shows only the beginning of a file show head
join Merges lines from two files with a common field join lines of two files
md5sum Calculates and compares MD5 - checksums md5 sum mation
nl Adds line numbers to a file add n umber l ines
od Lists the contents of files in various formats, such as. B. hexadecimal o ctal d ump
paste Merges lines of files paste lines of files
ptx Creates a permuted index of file contents build p ermu t ed inde x
pr Formats files for printing (format file content to DINA4)
sha1sum Calculates and compares SHA1 - checksums sha1 sum mation
sort Sorts lines of one or more file (s) sort lines of a file
split Divides a file into pieces split file content
sum Displays checksums and number of blocks in a file check sum
tac Append files in reverse direction (last line first) reverse cat
tail Shows only the end of a file show tail
tr Replaces or deletes characters in a file. No UTF-8 support tr anslate characters
tsort Performs a topological sort of t opologic sort
unexpand Converts spaces to tab characters unexpand white space
uniq Deletes multiple identical lines from a sorted file show uniq ue lines
wc Calculates the number of bytes, words and lines in a file w ord c ount
Shell Utilities
basename Removes the path and extension from a full file name -
chroot Executes a command with a specific root directory of ch ange root directory
date Shows or sets the system time system date time
dirname Displays only the path of a full file name dir ectory name
du Shows the storage space usage in a file system d isk u sage
echo Outputs a text echo stdin
env Sets environment variables and executes programs env ironment settings
expr Evaluates expressions from evaluate expr ession
factor Calculates prime factors evaluate prime factor
false Does nothing, but returns an incorrect end status false
groups Displays the groups to which a user belongs groups of an user
hostid Displays a number to identify the computer host id entifier
id Shows the name and group membership of a user. user's id entity
link Creates a hard link to a file link to a file
logname Displays the name of the user account log in name
nice Changes the priority of a process be nice
nohup Executes a command that continues after you have logged off no h ang up
pathchk Checks file names for portability path ch ec k
pinky Displays information about a user -
printenv Displays environment variables print env ironment settings
printf Outputs data formatted print format
pwd Displays the current working directory p rint w orking d irectory
readlink Displays information about a symbolic link -
seq Outputs a sequence of numbers seq uence
sleep Wait a certain time -
stat Outputs file system information about a file stat e of corresponding inode
stty Sets terminal settings s et t ele ty pe
tee Branches the data stream into a file -
test Checks file types and evaluates expressions -
true Does nothing, but returns a successful exit status true
tty Displays the name of the terminal t ele ty pe
uname Displays information about the operating system u nothing name
unlink Deletes a file with the unlinkfunction -
users Shows the users currently logged on to the computer according to a specific file -
who Shows the users currently logged on to the computer -
whoami Shows the effective user identity, is idextended by who am i
yes Outputs a text repeatedly -
Other utilities
[ ... ] Syntax alternative to test

criticism

The fact that GNU is bloatware is more often criticized, among other things because the GNU version of true consists of 80 lines of code, whereby a 3-line would be sufficient according to established C standards. Other implementations of Unix, such as OpenBSD, use such "3-liner". Furthermore, GNU can do things that other Unix systems cannot, which creates incompatibility.

See also

Portal: Free Software  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Free Software

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pádraig Brady: coreutils-8.32 released. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
  2. ^ The coreutils Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages ​​Page . In: Open Hub . (accessed on September 5, 2018).
  3. ↑ a b GNU is Bloated! Retrieved August 4, 2019 .
  4. ↑ upstream mirror. Contribute to coreutils / coreutils development by creating an account on GitHub. coreutils, August 2, 2019, accessed August 4, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Public git conversion mirror of OpenBSD's official CVS src repository. Pull requests not accepted: send diffs to the tech @ mailing list. - openbsd / src. OpenBSD, August 3, 2019, accessed August 4, 2019 .