Cornelius Fredericks

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Imprisoned Cornelius Fredericks (around 1906)
The Haifischinsel with the camp in Lüderitz Bay before 1910

Cornelius Fredericks , also Frederiks (* 1864 ; † February 16, 1907 near Lüderitz , German South West Africa ), was a leader of the ǃAman in the southern part of German South West Africa, today's Namibia .

Fredericks was a competitor of Captain Paul Fredericks of the Bethany-Nama and had many followers among the Orlam living in Bethany .

During the Nama uprising , Fredericks was one of the indigenous leaders who actively waged guerrilla warfare against the Germans. He sometimes appeared with Hendrik Witbooi , the leader of the ǀKhowesin , and was sought for a reward of 3,000  marks . From Witboois' declaration of war in September 1904 to September 1905, the total strength of German troops in the colony doubled from 7,000 to 14,000. The number of Nama armed never exceeded 2,000. The German Reich was determined to break the resistance. After Witbooi's death on October 29, 1905, the German troops succeeded in gradually persuading individual units to give up. The group under Fredericks surrendered on March 3, 1906.

On September 9, 1906 Fredericks was in the concentration camp Shark Island in Lüderitz detained. Most of the 2,000 to 3,000 prisoners (1359 according to the colonial administration) died in the icy wind of malnutrition and emaciation, their bodies were buried in the sea during the low tide and thereby washed into the ocean.

Fredericks died on February 16, 1907. He was beheaded and his skull sent to Germany for the "research of racial superiority". This was most likely, with at least 19 others, in the Charité in Berlin and was possibly brought back to Namibia in 2011. A memorial stone was erected in his memory on Shark Island near Lüderitz .

A street in Berlin has been named after Cornelius Fredericks since 2018.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Note: This article contains characters from the alphabet of the Khoisan languages spoken in southern Africa . The display contains characters of the click letters ǀ , ǁ , ǂ and ǃ . For more information on the pronunciation of long or nasal vowels or certain clicks , see e.g. B. under Khoekhoegowab .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Dierks: Biographies of namibian personalities (2004), accessed on March 27, 2018
  2. ↑ Memorial plaque for Fredericks. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  3. ^ Proclamation to the Nama , von Trotha, April 22, 1905, reprinted in: Die Kampf der Deutschen Truppen , Vol. II, p. 186
  4. ↑ Werner Hillebrecht: The Nama and the war in the south
    in: Genölkermord in Deutsch-Südwestafrika , Jürgen Zimmerer / Joachim Zeller (eds.), Berlin 2003 / 2016³
  5. ↑ NAN ZBU 456, D IV, 1.3 Volume 5, based on Caspar W. Erichsen
    in: Genölkermord in Deutsch-Südwestafrika , Jürgen Zimmerer / Joachim Zeller (eds.), Berlin 2003 / 2016³
  6. ↑ Jeremy Silvester / Casper Erichsen: Luderitz's forgotten Concentration camp , accessed on March 27, 2018
  7. ↑ Christian Fetzer: Race anatomical studies on 17 Hottentot heads
    in: Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie , Vol. 16, H. 1 (1913), pp. 95–156, accessed March 27, 2018
  8. ↑ restitution of Namibian skulls in 2011: subject cluster Anatomy, Charité. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  9. ↑ Day 6: The Scourge of the Kaiserbird. kaiserbirddotcom, April 17, 2018.
  10. ^ Berlin to honor Namibian heroes. New Era, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  11. ↑ More than a few new names. TAZ, April 21, 2018.
predecessor Office successor
Paul Frederiks Kaptein der Bethanien-Nama ( Kapsteine der Nama )
 Eduard Fredericks
personal data
SURNAME Fredericks, Cornelius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frederiks, Cornelius (alternative spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Leader of the Bethany Nama
DATE OF BIRTH 1864
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1907
Place of death near Lüderitz , German South West Africa