Cape stones of the Nama

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kapsteine ​​der Nama (German: captains of the Nama ) are the traditional leaders of the Nama tribe in Namibia with the title Kaptein . Nama captains played a crucial role in Namibia's history . The various groups and clans are organized in the Nama Traditional Leaders Association (NTLA).

Legal basis

According to the Namibian Constitution of 1990, traditional leaders, tribal and clan heads from lineages and traditionally determined or democratically elected leaders are given a permanent place in the political structure of Namibia. This takes into account the multicultural and multi-layered society of the country. The Constitution provides for the traditional leaders the title Chief (German: chief ) before. The traditional title can be worn as an addition.

Orlam

According to the literature, the following five groups are mostly counted among the Orlam . Other sources say that all traditional administrations of the Nama belong to the Orlam or that the Nama are to be equated with the Orlam.

African

The Africans , actually ǃGû-ǃgôun or Nauba-xu gye ǀki-khoen or in Namibia ǀHoa ǀAran ǁAixa ǁAes , are a clan of the Orlam - Nama . They were considered the first permanent settlers in Namibia when Klaas Africans moved north around 1770. They first built the ǁKhauxaǃnas fort before moving on to Windhoek .

Berseba Nama

The Beersheba-Nama , actually |Hai-|khauan or |Hai-|Khaua , today mostly as |Hai-|khauan Goliath called, are a clan of Orlam Nama. Historically, they settled in the area around the village of Berseba . The clan had been quarreling internally since 1870 and at least since 1956 the Isaak and Goliath camps were re-established:

Bethany Nama

The Bethanien-Nama , actually ǃAman , are a clan of the Orlam-Nama. Historically, they settled in the area around the village of Bethanien .

Lambert

Andreas Lambert Chief of the Amraal Hottentots

The Lambert-Orlam , also known as Kaiǀkhauan or Khauas-Orlam , emerged from the merger of the Amraal and Vlermuis families around 1830. They were based in Naosanabis .

Witbooi

The Witbooi , actually ǀKhowesin , are a clan of the Orlam-Nama.

Blouwes

The Blouwes consist of the two Nama clans ! Kharo-ǃOa and ǁKhawoben and also have a captain as a traditional leader. They are based at Bersheba . The ǁKhawoben have been trying to break away from the ! Kharo-ǃOa since at least 2018 and receive their own recognition.

Bondelswart Nama

The Bondelswart , actually ǃGami-ǂnun , are a clan of the Nama. Most of them have the surname Christian (also Christiaan ). They are based in Warmbad .

Groot Doden

The Groot Doden , actually ǁÔ-gain , are or were a clan of the Nama based in Schlip .

Riemvasmakers

The Riemvasmakers are a Nama clan based in De Riet near Khorixas . The clan has been recognized as a separate traditional administration since at least 2010 (as of October 2014) . They were originally also known as Herero-Orlam , as it is believed that their captain, known as the king, had Herero blood in them.

Red nation

The Red Nation ( nama Awa-Khoi ; English Red Nation ), actually Kaiǁkhaun or ǁKhauben , is a Nama clan with around 400 members. Their headquarters are in Hoachanas .

  • Manasse ǃNoreseb Gamab , captain of the "Red Nation", with his grandmen, Hoachanas 1897

  • Hâb , † 1710; 1695-1710
  • ǁKhomab ǂHâmab , † 1725; 1710-1725
  • ǁKhaub gaibǁKhomab ; 1725-1740
  • Ô-ǁnâib ǁKhaumab ; 1740-1755
  • ǀHanab ǂÔǁnâimab ; 1755-1770
  • ǃGaob ǀHanamab ; 1770 – about 1800
  • Gaméb ǃGaomab ; about 1800-1814
  • Tsawub Gamab ; 1814-1824
  • ǃNa-khom Gamab ; 1824-1840
  • Oasib Cornelis ǃNa-khomab ; 1840-1867
  • Goraxab ǁOasmab ; 1867-1878
  • ǀGôbeb ǂGoraxab ; 1878-1881
  • ǃNoreseb Gamab ; 1881-1905
  • Fritz Lazarus ( ǃHoëb ǁOasmab ), † 1936; 1922-1936
  • Noach Tsai-Tsaib , * 1868, † 1948; 1936-1948
  • Matheus Kooper , † 1986; 1948-1986
  • Petrus Simon Moses Kooper ; since December 3, 1988 (also chairman of the Nama Traditional Authority )

Simon Cooper

Simon Kooper, actually ǃKhara-Khoe ǁAes or ǃKhara-Khoen , also known as Fransman-Nama , is a Nama clan. The traditional title is gaob . Its headquarters are in Amber-Po near Gochas . There are around 4,000 members in the clan, most of whom also live around Aranos and Stampriet and a few in Botswana .

Swartbooi

The Swartbooi ( Afrikaans for black boys ), actually ǁKhau-ǀgõan (for children of the Red Nation ), are a Nama clan based in Fransfontein .

Topnaar

The Topnaar , actually ǂAonin , are a clan of the Nama. Their headquarters are traditionally in Sandwich Harbor .

It is not always possible to clearly delimit the Topnaar's chapters. This is how different names and periods are called:

According to the ǂKhaxab Royal House
According to Dierks

Vaalgras Nama

The Vaalgras-Nama are a clan of the Nama, that is, Nama-speaking Herero .

An attempt to overthrow Joel Stephanus by Andreas Biwa , which had lasted since 2012, was finally rejected by the responsible ministry on October 31, 2013.

Veldschoendrager

The Veldschoendrager , actually ǁHawoben , are a clan of the Nama.

See also

Web links

annotation

  1. ↑ a b c d Note: This article contains characters from the alphabet of the Khoisan languages spoken in southern Africa . The display contains characters of the click letters ǀ , ǁ , ǂ and ǃ . For more information on the pronunciation of long or nasal vowels or certain clicks , see e.g. B. under Khoekhoegowab .

Individual references and sources

  1. ↑ Biographies of Namibian Personalities, A. Klaud Dierks, 2003/2004, accessed on March 4, 2015
  2. ↑ Chronology. Klaus Dierks, 2003/2004, accessed on March 4, 2015
  3. ↑ // Gowaseb's Afrikaner clan leadership disputed. The Namibian, November 11, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2015
  4. ↑ Tribute: Isak // Gowaseb - the great communicator. The Namibian, July 11, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2015
  5. ↑ Dedering, Tilman: Hate the old and follow the new: Khoekhoe and missionaries in early nineteenth-century Namibia 2. Missionsgeschichtliches Archiv, Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 59-61 ISBN 978-3-515-06872-7 .
  6. ↑ Salomon Witbooi new / Khowese Captain. Lela Mobile, October 5, 2015.
  7. ^ Witbooi clan saga over throne now in High Court. Namibia Press Agency, July 4, 2019.
  8. ^ Late Bondelswart chief buried. The Namibian, September 26, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2015
  9. ^ Group pleads not guilty to illegal coronation charges. The Namibian, June 11, 2018.
  10. ↑ Riemvasmakers' Traditional Authority status in reach. Namibian Sun, October 18, 2010 ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ a b Riemvasmakers seek recognition. The Namibian, October 22, 2014
  12. ^ Chronology of Namibia, Klaus Dierks, accessed on April 10, 2011
  13. ^ Hoachana's tribal group splits with leader, The Namibian, December 9, 2005
  14. ↑ Kooper's grave site restored. The Namibian, September 14, 2011.
  15. ^ Bridging a hundred year-old separation. Namibian Sun, November 30, 2011 ( Memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ THE Topnaars of the Kuiseb valley, New Era, April 2, 2004 ( Memento from September 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  17. ↑ a b The Topnaar throne is ours'. Erongo, April 1, 2019.
  18. ↑ #Khaxab Royal house wants Topnaar's throne. New Era, June 2019.
  19. ↑ Chrinology, Kings. Klaus Dierks . Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  20. ↑ Oorlams prepare for chief's coronation. Namibian Sun, November 4, 2013 Retrieved November 8, 2013
  21. ↑ Stephanus remains Vaalgras chief. The Namibian, November 6, 2013 Retrieved November 8, 2013
  22. ↑ Veldskoendraers,! Kharo! Oan at loggerheads. Namibian Sunn, June 11, 2012. ( Memento from May 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive )