Corroboratio

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Corroboratio from a deed of donation by Henry IV in favor of his wife, Queen Bertha (1074): Et ut haec nostra regalis traditio nulla insidiantium machinatione labefactari possit, hanc cartam inde conscribi iussimus, quam, ut infra videtig, nostra manuillria impression et nostroboratam insignitam omnis generationis tam futurae quam praesentis noticiae relinquimus. (D H.IV. 269)
Corroboratio from a document of Henry IV, in which he makes a donation to the episcopal church in Speyer (1102): Et ut hec nostre traditionis et constitutionis imperalis auctoritas stabilis et inconvulsa omni evo permaneat, hanc cartam inde conscriptam manu propria corroborantes sigilli nostri impressione iussimus insigniri. (D H.IV. 475; literally also in D H.IV. 474, the text is taken from Heinrich III's document D H.III. 171 for the Speyer Cathedral Chapter of 1046.)

The corroboratio (from Latin cor-roboro : to strengthen, to strengthen) is used in medieval documents to certify the document and its content.

term

The corroboratio is the final part of the context before the escha protocol, which contains the final protocol formulas of the deed. In it, the means of authentication of the certificate are listed, such as witnesses ( testes ), as a list or series, or announced, e.g. B. handwritten signatures. Sealed documents usually contain a seal announcement or seal order. Sometimes the responsible notary is also named. In addition, the corroboratio can contain a name for the document, either according to the external characteristics (e.g. scriptum , carta , pagina ) or according to the type of legal transaction (e.g. praeceptum , privilegium , concessio , traditio ), sometimes also in a combination of both elements.

use

The Corroboratio appears for the first time in documents of the 6th century z. B. with Pope Gregory the Great . The offices of the secular and spiritual courts often used a very schematic structure of the corroboratio with frequently recurring formulations.

An exemplary text for a corroboratio from a certificate from Emperor Heinrich II :

" Et ut haec nostrae traditionis auctoritas stabilis et inconvulsa permaneat, hanc praecepti paginam inde conscriptam manu propria roborantes sigilli nostri impressione insigniri iussimus ."

"And in order to give firm and unshakable duration to the authority of this transmission of ours, we have commanded that this document, affirmed by our own hand, be signed by impressing our seal."

Whether such a confirmation formula was part of a document was, among other things, a. depending on their content. In the chancellery of Emperor Frederick II the Corroboratio was z. B. Always inserted for privileges , but for mandates it could mostly be missing. The same can be said for the documents of the bishops of Meissen. The corroboratio is rarely found in papal documents.

literature

  • Bernd Schneidmüller : Corroboratio . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 3, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-7608-8903-4 , Sp. 281 f.
  • Christine Ganslmayr: Formulation pattern in the Corroboratio Freiburg documents of the 13th century . In: Mechthild Habermann (Ed.): Typologies of text types and text alliances of the 13th and 14th centuries , Berlin [u. a.] 2011, pp. 353–418 (Berlin Linguistic Studies, 22)
  • Sebastian Gleixner: mouthpiece of the imperial will: The Chancellery of Emperor Friedrich II, 1226–1236. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-03906-6 .
  • Thomas Ludwig: The documents of the bishops of Meißen. Diplomatic investigations on the 10th – 13th Century. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-25905-1 .
  • Ute K. Boonen: The Central Dutch language in private documents of the 13th and 14th centuries. Waxmann, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-830-97330-0 .
  • Stefan Ruhnke: Papal documents of the Middle Ages and their meaning for the historian. GRIN, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-638-90805-4 .
  • Leo Santifaller : Liber diurnus (= Popes and Papacy. Volume 10. Ed. Harald Zimmermann). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 978-3-777-27612-0 .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Horst Enzensberger: Form structure of documents, University of Bamberg
  2. ↑ Leo Santifaller: Liber diurnus , Ed. Harald Zimmermann, Series Päpste und Papsttum , Volume 10, p. 29
  3. ^ Sebastian Gleixner: Spokesman for the imperial will: The Chancellery of Kaiser Friedrich II, 1226-1236 , p. 431ff
  4. ↑ Ludwig Bittner: The doctrine of international treaty documents , p. 130
  5. ↑ Thomas Ludwig: The documents of the bishops of Meißen , p. 221
  6. ↑ Ute K. Boonen: The Middle Dutch document language in private documents of the 13th and 14th centuries , p. 37
  7. ^ House of Bavarian History: The structure of a document using the example of Emperor Heinrich II.
  8. ^ Sebastian Gleixner: Spokesman for the imperial will: The Chancellery of Emperor Friedrich II, 1226-1236 , p. 431
  9. ↑ Thomas Ludwig: The documents of the bishops of Meißen , p. 220
  10. ↑ Stefan Ruhnke: Papal documents of the Middle Ages and their meaning for the historian , p. 5