Corythomantis

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Corythomantis
Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896

Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896

Systematics
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
without rank: Tree frogs (arboranae)
Family : Tree frogs i. w. S. (Hylidae)
Subfamily : Lophyohylinae
Genre : Corythomantis
Scientific name
Corythomantis
Boulenger , 1896

Corythomantis is a genus of tree frogs (Hylidae) thatis endemic to northeastern Brazil . The genus was monotypical for a long time, with the only species Corythomantis greeningi , which was first described by Boulenger in 1896. Only in 2012 wasanother species addedwith Corythomantis galeata . The species of Corythomantis belong to the so-called "helmet frogs", which can form a hardened skull capsule through additional ossification of the skin.

features

The frogs of the species Corythomantis greeningi are around 7 to 8 centimeters long, in Corythomantis galeata between 5 and 6 centimeters. C. galeata has broad vertical stripes on its back, C. greeningi is uniformly brown (males) or dark brown spotted (females). In contrast to C. greeningi , C. galeata not only has smooth eyelids but also a smooth dorsal skin, while in the other species it is warty.

Way of life

The frogs can live in dry, semi-arid areas in northeastern Brazil called caatinga . There they inhabit different habitats , from dry and moist savannahs to rocky biotopes.

Corythomantis produces a poison that can be transmitted to a possible enemy by head butts . This is done by bony spines that reach the edge of the head to the surface of the skin and are surrounded by glandular tissue. These glands produce a neurotoxin, the lethal factor of which is twice as large as that of pit vipers (genus Bothrops ). It can be transmitted not only passively to possible enemies, as in the case of the poison dart frogs , but also actively by wounding the enemy with a blow with the spiked head.

species

Two types are currently described:

As of August 10, 2019

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carlos Jared, Marta Maria Antoniazzi, CA Navas, E. Katchburian, E. Freymüller, DV Tambourgi & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues: Head co-ossification, phragmosis and defense in the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 265, pp. 1-8, 2005 PDF
  2. ↑ a b J. P. Pombal Jr., Memezes VA, Fontes AF, Nunes I, Rocha CFD, M. Van Sluys: A second species of the Casque-headed frog genus Corythomantis (Anura: Hylidae) from northeastern Brazil, the distribution of C. greeningi, and comments on the genus. Boletim Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro Nova Series, 530, pp. 1–14, 2012
  3. ↑ Corythomantis greeningeri from Amphibiaweb, species portrait, accessed on August 10, 2015
  4. ↑ a b Carlos Jared, Pedro Luiz Mailho-Fontana, Marta Maria Antoniazzi, Vanessa Aparecida Mendes, Katia Cristina Barbaro, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Edmund D. Brodie, Jr .: Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons. Current Biology, August 9, 2015 PDF doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2015.06.061
  5. ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Corythomantis (Boulenger, 1896) , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, accessed August 10, 2019
  6. ↑ Hylidae at Amphibiaweb, with a list of species of the genus Corythomantis, accessed on August 10, 2015
  7. ^ Boulenger: Descriptions of new batrachians in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17, pp. 401–406, 1896 (first description)

Web links

Commons : Corythomantis  - collection of images, videos and audio files