Cottus

Cottus
Rheingroppe ( Cottus gobio )
Systematics
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae) Order : Perch-like (Perciformes) Subordination : Cottoidei Partial order : Bull relatives (Cottales) Family : Bullheads (Cottidae) Genre : Cottus
Scientific name
Cottus
Linnaeus , 1758

Cottus is a species of fish from the family of bullheads (Cottidae). The more than 60 species of the genus are the only bullheads living in freshwater and occur in cold rivers, streams and lakes in the northern hemisphere of the earth in Europe, North America and North Asia. In Germany the bullhead ( C. gobio ), the Scheldtegroppe ( C. perifretum ), the Siberian bullhead ( C. poecilopus ) and the Rhine ball ( C. rhenanus ) occur.

features

Cottus species grow to be 6 to 30 centimeters long. They have a thick, broad head with a large mouth and a body that tapers backwards to the caudal fin. The pectoral fins are large, the pelvic fins are far forward below the pectoral fins. The hard-rayed and the longer, soft-rayed part of the dorsal fin are clearly separated from each other by an indentation. Cottus species are usually camouflaging brownish, gray or blackish in color. They feed on bottom-dwelling invertebrates and fry. In adaptation to their bottom-dwelling way of life, adult animals no longer have a swim bladder .

Systematics

Cottus is not a monophyletic genus, but a paraphyletic collective genus of all freshwater groups that occur outside of Lake Baikal . The sculpins of Lake Baikal are classified into three distinct families cottocomephoridae (Cottocomephoridae) and living in deep waters abyssocottidae (Abyssocottidae) and comephorus (Comephoridae). However, since these emerged in an adaptive radiation from an immigrated freshwater group that originally lived in Siberian rivers, the three families of the Baikal lake group are phylogenetically within the genus Cottus .

Within the genus Cottus , several clades can be distinguished, which were named after genera that have been synonymous with Cottus .

Phylogenetic system of the genus Cottus according to Kinziger et al. 2005   Cottus    Cottopsis clade      Uranidea clade      Baikal clade      C. beldingii , C. leiopomus , C. greenei      Cottus clade      C. hangiongensis , C. poecilopus , C. pollux , C. reini      Cephalocottus clade      Leptocottus armatus      Rheopresbe kazika

Cottus bairdii

Cottus cognatus

Cottus nozawae

Cottus polux

Cottus reinii

• Cottopsis clade
  • Cottus aleuticus Gilbert, 1896
  • Cottus asper Richardson, 1836
  • Cottus asperrimus Rutter, 1908
  • Cottus gulosus (Girard, 1854)
  • Cottus klamathensis Gilbert, 1898
  • Cottus marginatus (Bean, 1881)
  • Cottus perplexus Gilbert & Evermann, 1894
  • Cottus pitensis Bailey & Bond, 1963
  • Cottus princeps Gilbert, 1898
• Uranidea clade
  • Cottus baileyi Robins, 1961
  • Cottus bairdii Girard, 1850
  • Cottus bendirei (Bean, 1881)
  • Cottus caeruleomentum Kinziger, Raesly & Neely, 2000
  • Cottus carolinae (Gill, 1861)
  • Cottus cognatus Richardson, 1836
  • Cottus extensus Bailey & Bond, 1963
  • Cottus girardi Robins, 1961
  • Cottus hubbsi Bailey & Dimick, 1949
  • Cottus hypselurus Robins & Robison, 1985
  • Cottus paulus Williams, 2000
  • Cottus rhotheus (Smith, 1882)
  • Cottus specus Adams et al., 2013
• Baikal clade
  • Deep water globules (Abyssocottidae)
  • Baikal oilfish (Comephoridae)
  • Baikal pellets (Cottocomephoridae)
• Cottus clade
  • Cottus ferrugineus Heckel & Kner, 1858
  • Bullhead ( Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cottus ricei (Nelson, 1876)
  • Cottus sibiricus Kessler in Warpachowski, 1889
• Cephalocottus clade
  • Cottus amblystomopsis Schmidt, 1904
  • Cottus nozawae Snyder, 1911
• incertae sedis
  • Cottus aturi Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Cottus beldingii Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1891
  • Cottus confusus Bailey & Bond, 1963
  • Cottus czerskii Berg, 1913
  • Cottus duranii Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Utah bullhead ( Cottus echinatus Bailey & Bond, 1963)
  • Cottus gratzianowi Sideleva et al., 2015
  • Cottus greenei (Gilbert & Culver in Jordan & Evermann, 1898)
  • Cottus hangiongensis Mori, 1930
  • Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu & Bacescu-Mester, 1964
  • Cottus kanawhae Robins, 2005
  • Cottus kolymensis Sideleva & Goto, 2012
  • Cottus koreanus Fujii, Choi & Yabe, 2005
  • Cottus koshewnikowi Gratzianov, 1907
  • Cottus leiopomus Gilbert & Evermann, 1894
  • Cottus metae Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Cottus microstomus Heckel, 1837
  • Cottus nasalis mountain, 1933
  • Scheldtegroppe ( Cottus perifretum Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005)
  • Petit bullhead ( Cottus petiti Bacescu & Bacescu-Mester, 1964)
  • Cottus pollux Günther, 1873
  • Siberian bullhead ( Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1837)
  • Cottus reinii Hilgendorf, 1879
  • Rheingroppe ( Cottus rhenanus Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005)
  • Cottus rondeleti Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Cottus sabaudicus Sideleva, 2009
  • Cottus scaturigo Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Cottus schitsuumsh Lemoine et al., 2014
  • Cottus spinulosus Kessler, 1872
  • Cottus szanaga Dybowski, 1869
  • Cottus tallapoosae Neely, Williams & Mayden, 2007
  • Cottus tenuis (Evermann & Meek, 1898)
  • Cottus transsilvaniae Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005
  • Cottus volki Taranetz, 1933

literature

• Andrew P. Kinziger, Robert M. Wood, David A. Neely: Molecular Systematics of the Genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Copeia , 2005 (2): 303-311. 2005. doi : 10.1643 / CI-03-290R1
• Leo Smith, Ward C. Wheeler: Polyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data , Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 32, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 627-646 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.02.006

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cottus scaturigo on Fishbase.org (English)
2. ↑ Cottus kazika on Fishbase.org (English)

Web links

Commons : Cottus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Cottus on Fishbase.org (English)