Council of National Defense

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The Council of National Defense

The Council of National Defense ( German  Nationaler Sicherheitsrat ) was a body of the United States , which was founded during the First World War to coordinate resources and industry in support of the war effort, including the coordination of the transport, the industrial and agricultural production, the financial Support for war and public morals.

The body was briefly revived for World War II to set up agencies such as the National Defense Research Committee .

history

Facility

The earmarking of the army for 1916 provided for the creation and funding of the Council for National Defense. The grants amounted to 200,000 US dollars . President Woodrow Wilson established the Council of National Defense on August 24, 1916 because "the country is best prepared for war when it is thoroughly prepared for peace."

Members of some parts, such as B. the Medical Officer Reserve Corps, which previously existed as the Medical Reserve Corps, reverted to their previous duties in order to prepare for emergencies.

structure

The Council consisted of the Secretary of War , the Secretary of the Navy , the Interior Minister , the Agriculture Minister , the Minister of Trade and the Minister of Labor . The council should study and advise the president and executive directors on the strategic placement of industrial goods and services for potential and future wartime use.

In October 1916 the President appointed an impartial advisory commission attached to the council. The commission consisted of seven men with specialized knowledge in a profession or industry. Its first members were Daniel Willard , president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , Samuel Gompers , president of the American Federation of Labor , Franklin H. Martin , a distinguished surgeon and founder of the American College of Surgeons , Howard E. Coffin , chairman of the Committee on Industrial Preparedness , who had experience coordinating the automotive industry in emergencies, Bernard Baruch , a noted banker, Hollis Godfrey , President of the Drexel Institute , and Julius Rosenwald , President of Sears, Roebuck & Co. Walter S. Gifford of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company , also an engineer, served as director of the council.

Nebraska State Council of Defense, around 1918

From May 1917, the council called on the individual states to create their own defense councils to support the federal council in its work. Some, at the urging of the National Council, formed separate national defense women's committees and organizations for African American people in the southern states.

In January 1920, the council recommended the creation of a panel of experts to conduct research studies over the next six months to enable rapid mobilization in the event of another war.

resolution

The Council of National Defense's activities were suspended in 1921.

See also

literature

  • William J. Breen: Uncle Sam at Home: Civilian Mobilization, Wartime Federalism, and the Council of National Defense, 1917-1919 . Greenwood Press, Westport (Connecticut) 1984.

Web links

Commons : Council of National Defense  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Records of the Council of National Defense [CND]. August 15, 2016, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b c “Council of National Defense and State Defense Councils,” August 17, 2003. (No longer available online.) Electronic Encyclopedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management, August 17, 2003, archived from the original on July 22, 2011 ; accessed on August 11, 2020 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d Special to The New York Times: PRESIDENT NAMES DEFENSE ADVISERS; Board of Seven to Act with National Council Is Headed by Daniel Willard. SAMUEL GOMPERS A MEMBER Bernard Baruch and Julius Rosenwald Among Others Appointed -Executive Explains Their Duties. In: The New York Times . October 12, 1916, ISSN  0362-4331 ( online [accessed August 11, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Title 50: Chapter 1: Council of National Defense. (No longer available online.) US House of Representatives Downloadable US Code January 2, 2006, archived from the original on February 28, 2008 ; accessed on August 11, 2020 (English).
  5. ^ William K. Emerson: Encyclopedia of United States Army Insignia and Uniforms . University of Oklahoma Press, 1996, ISBN 0-8061-2622-1 , pp. 183 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ a b U.S. Code Title 50. War and National Defense. FindLaw, accessed August 11, 2020 (American English).
  7. ^ Jack H. Nunn: MIT: A University's Contributions to National Defense . In: Society for Military History (Ed.): Military Affairs . tape 43 , no. 3 , October 1979, p. 120-125 , doi : 10.2307 / 1986870 , JSTOR : 1986870 .
  8. ^ Engineering news record. v.78 1917. Retrieved August 11, 2020 .
  9. ↑ WAR PREPAREDNESS METHODS PROPOSED; Council of National Defense Suggests Plan for an Expert Survey Board.TO STUDY IN TIME OF PEACE Wants $ 150,000 from Congress-- Aims to Assist Government inFacilitating Speed. In: The New York Times . January 26, 1920, ISSN  0362-4331 ( online [accessed August 11, 2020]).