Cupiennius coccineus
| Cupiennius coccineus | ||||||||||||
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Cupiennius coccineus , female |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cupiennius coccineus | ||||||||||||
| FO Pickard-Cambridge , 1901 |
Cupiennius coccineus is a spider from the family of fishing spiders (Trechaleidae). It differs from other species of the genus by the unmarked ventral side.
features
The body length of the male is 22 to 26 and the female 27 to 38 millimeters. The leg span can be over 100 millimeters. These dimensions make Cupiennius coccieus one of the larger species of the genus. The species has a very variable coloration depending on sex. Both sexes have a brown basic color. The underside of the femora of the front pair of legs of the female has a conspicuous red warning color, which is shown to a potential predator as a threatening gesture in case of danger. This quality is absent in the male animal. Unlike the other species, the ventral side of Cupiennius coccineus is not marked with a drawing.
Similar species
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Especially the other species of the same size in the genus Cupiennius , including the large wandering spider ( C. salei ), Cupiennius getazi and Cupiennius chiapensis can be confused with Cupiennius coccineus . However, all species differ in color. Further possibilities for confusion also exist with species of the family of comb spiders ( Ctenidae ), including the representatives of the genus Phoneutria, which are potentially dangerous for humans .
Occurrence
The distribution area of Cupiennius coccineus extends from Costa Rica to Colombia , where the species inhabits rainforests.
Hazard and protection
Since Cupiennius coccineus, like all species of the genus, is not listed by the IUCN , there is no concrete information about possible threats to the species.
Way of life
Cupiennius coccineus is predominantly nocturnal and during the day mostly hides in suitable locations, preferably in banana and bromeliads . There she prefers water-filled crevices as shelter. With the help of filaments, it can also join several leaves of a plant to form a nook. Cupiennius coccineus shares many habitats with Cupiennius getazi and is often found on the same plant as its sister species. At night the species hunts as ambulance hunters and, in addition to arthropods, also prey on small vertebrates such as small reptiles and amphibians . During observations, females of Cupiennius coccineus are said to have located male frogs based on their calls. Although the spiders have no hearing, vibrations triggered by the croaking were also noticeable on the surrounding vegetation, where they were picked up by the spiders through fissile sensory organs on the tarsi. This enabled the spiders to locate the frogs.
Reproduction
The reproductive behavior of Cupiennius coccineus is identical to that of other species of the genus. A sexually mature female uses pheromone- coated filaments to attract males. Once such a female has been identified and found using the threads, she begins a courtship dance in which she drums on the ground and shakes her opisthosoma. This courtship behavior can often last several hours and repeat itself several times on the part of the male. A female willing to mate also answers the courtship to the male with a shake of the opisthosoma. The male then climbs on the female's back and alternately guides his bulbs into the female's spermathec . Soon after mating, the female's opisthosoma swells due to the eggs maturing in it, and the need for food increases significantly. Three weeks later, the female makes her first egg cocoon, which is carried attached to the spinneret. After a month, the young hatch from the cocoon, which is previously attached to a web made by the female. After a month, the young hatch and leave the web a week after hatching. A female can make up to three more cocoons and does not care for the brood. The young spiders, which are initially two to three millimeters in size, grow within eight and ten months. Females of Cupiennius coccineus can live to be one year old, the males are less long-lived.
Systematics
First describer Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge gave the species the name Cupiennius coccineus as early as 1901 , which was also retained. Only gender-specific synonyms were introduced by different authors. Together with the genus Cupiennius , the species was transferred from the comb spider family to the fishing spider family in 2019 under Luis Norberto Piacentini and Martín Javier Ramírez .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Comparison of the species of the genus Cupiennius and Phoneutria by Richard S. Vetter and Stefan Hillebrecht ( PDF , must be accessed externally via the website)
- ↑ a b Friedrich G. Barth: Senses and behavior: from the life of a spider Springer-Verlag, 2002, pp. 8–396
- ^ Natural History Museum Bern: Cupiennius coccineus. FO Pickard-Cambridge, 1901. In: World Spider Catalog. April 14, 2017, accessed December 5, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Francesco Tomasinelli: Cupiennius salei . The British Tarantula Society Journal, 15, 3, 2000 ( PDF , accessed December 4, 2019).
- ↑ a b Martin Schuster, Dieter Gebäudecht, Erich Mitter, Alain Schmitt and Friedrich G. Barth: Field observations on the population structure of three Ctenid spiders (Cupiennus, Araneae, Ctenidae). In: Journal of Arachnology, 22, 1994, pp. 32-38.
- ^ Paul E. Hanson: Insects and Other Arthropods of Tropical America . In: Zona Tropical Publications . 1st edition, 2016, ISBN 978-1-5017-0429-1 .
- ↑ Cupiennius coccineus in the World Spider Catalog ( Link )
- ↑ Cupiennius. Simon 1891. In: World Spider Catalog. May 3, 2019, accessed December 5, 2019 .
