Démocratie Nationale
| Démocratie Nationale | |
|---|---|
| Party leader |
Daniel Féret (1985–2007) Michel Delacroix (2007–2008) Daniel Huygens (2008–2012) Marco Santi (since 2012) |
| founding | 1985 |
| resolution | 2012 (renamed) |
| Alignment | Right-wing extremism, nationalism, populism |
| Colours) | black |
| European party | Alliance of European National Movements |
| Website | dnat.be |
The Démocratie Nationale ( DN ; German National Democratic Party ) is a right-wing extremist party that was founded in 1985 as Front National (also: Nationaal Front ). It is active in the French-speaking part of Belgium . She had to change her name in 2012 due to the sole claim of the French Front National .
history
The Front National was founded in September 1985 by Daniel Féret . Féret, a doctor from Tournai , was previously a member of the liberal Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès , then a member of Jean Thiriart's Jeune Europe . In 1984 he became a member of the Union Nationale et Démocratique (UND), of which he was vice-president. His new party was founded on the model of the French Front National and the Italian Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI) and should benefit from their rise in the 1980s. During the first few months they had no set election program and consisted of a handful of people. The first election campaign was directed primarily against immigrants, without the party coming up with a coherent concept. In the 1985 parliamentary elections, the party received just 0.45% of the vote in Brussels . However, the rise of the party began afterwards and won over at least in some parts of Brussels. In 1988 the first member of the FN was elected to the city council in the municipality of Molenbeek .
The party's first boom came in the 1990s when the FN won a seat in the European Parliament in 1995 and was represented by two members of the Belgian Chamber of Deputies . the party was particularly well represented in Wallonia . However, she did not succeed in getting party funding because she was missing a seat in the Belgian Senate . In the subsequent elections in 1999 and 2000, she lost both her mandate in the European Parliament and one of her seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
In 2003 and 2007 she was able to defend her seat in the Chamber of Deputies. In the two election years it was also represented for the first time with one seat in the Senate. In 2006 Daniel Féret was sentenced to 250 hours of community service for publishing racist flyers. These included caricatures depicting Africans as savages and Muslims as terrorists. The court in Brussels also banned him from voting as a candidate for 10 years. As a result, he was forced to resign from his party office and resign from all offices. He was succeeded by Charles Pire.
After the disastrous 2010 election results, the party lost all seats in the Chamber of Deputies. In 2012, Marine Le Pen registered sole right to the party name on behalf of the French Front National and also banned the Belgian Front National from using its symbols. In March 2012, the party changed its name to Démocratie Nationale (DN / DNAT).
| Election year | be right | Percentages | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 3,738 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 1987 | 7,596 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 1991 | 64.992 | 1.1% | 1 |
| 1995 | 138,496 | 2.3% | 2 |
| 1999 | 90.401 | 1.5% | 1 |
| 2003 | 130.012 | 1.98% | 1 |
| 2007 | 131,385 | 1.97% | 1 |
| 2010 | 33,591 | 0.51% | 0 |
| Election year | be right | percent | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 4,201 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 1987 | 8,186 | 0.6% | 0 |
| 1987 | 60,876 | 1.0% | 0 |
| 1995 | - | - | - |
| 1999 | 92,924 | 1.5% | 0 |
| 2003 | 147.305 | 2.25% | 1 |
| 2007 | 150,461 | 2.27% | 1 |
| 2010 | - | - | - |
| Election year | be right | percent | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 175.732 | 2.9% | 1 |
| 1999 | 94,848 | 1.52% | 0 |
| 2004 | 181.351 | 2.79% | 0 |
Goals and election program
Like many right-wing parties, the Front National called for a stronger security policy in line with Law and Order and spoke out against immigration . A birth-increasing family policy was also called for.
Furthermore, she advocated greater autonomy for the Walloon part of the country, albeit on a provincial basis, and emphasized a stronger federalism , which should give the individual parts of the country more decision-making powers. Unlike the Vlaams Belang in Flanders , the front was therefore not separatist, but rather problematic and used the tricolor and the Belgian anthem on its own website. They spoke populist for more measures of direct democracy from. However, they also represented promonarchical tendencies and demanded more power for the representative monarch Albert II.
Despite the pronounced emphasis on Walloon identity, the FN also concluded electoral alliances in the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde constituency with the generally more successful Vlaams Belang .
There was a break in the election manifesto in 1999 when the party suddenly rejected federalism and now emphasized the nation. She was inspired by the new right concept of a Europe of Fatherlands and from then on emphasized the nation state. She also tried to portray herself as a victim of the system.
All in all, the party lacked a political profile and well-known faces in order to be permanently successful. Féret was little known outside of Wallonia and other actors in the party could not make a name for themselves either. In addition, there were repeated disputes within the party about the election program and procedure. This did not change even after it was renamed Démocratie Nationale.
Since then, populist approaches have been tried under the new name . Among other things, a more left-wing economic populism is propagated, which focuses on the "little people". In addition, the xenophobic and migration-critical points of view remain. In particular, the DN opposes the alleged “ Islamization ” of Belgium.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Gilles Ivaldi, Marc Swyngedouw: Right-wing extremism in populist form: Front National and Vlaams Blok
- ↑ a b c Pascal Delwit: The Belgian National Front and the question of power . In: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles (Ed.): The Extreme Right Parties and power in Europe . S. 145 f . ( researchgate.net ).
- ^ Far-right boss to help immigrants. BBC News , April 18, 2006, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Boris Marchal: Le Front national garde l'exclusivité de son nom. Le Figaro , March 16, 2012, accessed August 24, 2017 .
- ↑ Tom Lansford (Ed.): Political Handbook of the World 2014 . CQ Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4833-8626-3 , pp. 135 .
- ↑ a b c d Pascal Delwit: The Belgian National Front and the question of power . In: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles (Ed.): The Extreme Right Parties and power in Europe . S. 146 f . ( researchgate.net ).
- ↑ a b Werner T. Bauer: Right-wing extremists and right-wing populist parties in Europe . Vienna November 2016, p. 61 ( politikberatung.or.at [PDF]).
- ↑ Pascal Delwit: The Belgian National Front and the question of power . In: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles (Ed.): The Extreme Right Parties and power in Europe . S. 148 f . ( researchgate.net ).