Queens final
A queens endgame is an endgame in a game of chess in which both parties only have their kings , queens and pawns . Queen endgames are very difficult for the players to calculate because of the many possible moves. The most important criteria for assessing such positions are:
- Right to move
- Royal security
- Activity of the lady
- Passed pawns
- Opportunities for permanent chess
Queen against pawn
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
| 8th |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
8th |
| 7th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7th |
| 6th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6th |
| 5 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
| 4th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th |
| 3 | |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
| 2 | |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
| 1 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
Capturing the pawn leads to stalemate.
Since the queen is vastly superior to the farmer, there are very few cases in which she cannot win. If the queen reaches a space in front of the pawn, the conversion is prevented and the game is won, because the king of the pawns cannot drive her away from there. The ladies' party lets their king run to the pawn and conquers him.
A pawn can only draw against the queen if the following conditions are met:
- It is a fringe peasant (see solution of the study by Farago , Československý šach, 1937) or a runner peasant (see diagram). The reason for this are two stalemates that generally only occur with pawns on these lines. In very rare cases - when the queen has neither a peg nor a check and cannot get in front of the pawn - a pawn on a knight or middle line also forces a draw.
- The pawn is on the penultimate row or cannot be prevented from advancing onto it. If, on the other hand, the pawn has not advanced far enough, then the queen can always occupy a space on his line in front of him.
- The farmer is supported by his king. Otherwise, the queen goes on the pawn's line and simply beats him.
- The king of the queens' party is far enough away and therefore cannot intervene decisively. There are some tactical motives that make an approach of the king and then z. B. allow a settlement to a winning position in the final checkers against checkers .
Queen against several pawns
Normally the chance for the pawns to reach a draw increases if there are still several. However, there are exceptions in which an additional farmer can be a disadvantage (cf. seduction in the study by Farago , Československý šach , 1937).
- If in the endgame of the queen against an edge pawn the weaker side has another pawn, this can possibly be used to break the stalemate or not to let it arise in the first place. The king of the peasant party can then be locked in the corner and checkmated. This is demonstrated by the study of John Nunn and the seduction in the study of Paul Farago .
Queen against Queen (without pawn)
Vienna, autumn 1886
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
| 8th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8th |
| 7th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7th |
| 6th | |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
6th |
| 5 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
| 4th | |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th |
| 3 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
| 2 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
| 1 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
This endgame often arises from pawn endings after mutual conversion .
Unless a queen is lost to a skewer , this endgame usually ends in a draw , because either the queens are swapped after a few chess bids or one of the two players offers perpetual chess .
However, there are two nontrivial long-drawn profit tours:
- A queen is so bad that she can not counter the mating threats against her king on the edge of the board either by bidding chess or by covering the mating squares. This can happen if it has just been converted and is still on the conversion field (a corner field is particularly unfavorable).
- The king stands on a corner field, is exposed to a diagonal battery and his queen cannot cover all three neighboring fields of this corner at the same time. Despite countercheck, the opposing king can then come closer from the battery, so that several mating threats decide. This case is a rare exception and has little practical relevance. The diagram on the right shows a position from a game, but could also be viewed as a study based on its characteristics .
Queen and pawn against queen
This endgame has so far only been partially researched by the theorists. The advantage of a pawn is very small, since the powerful queen, with her numerous possible moves, complicates a systematic analysis. Empirically, the realization has prevailed that the middle pawn offers the best chances of winning, the runner pawn has very good chances of winning, with the knight pawn it is very difficult to win and an edge pawn has little chance of winning.
The first results of the investigations into the endgame databases by Ken Thompson and John Roycroft were published on this distribution of materials, but already in the early 1970s such women's endgames with the g-pawn were the subject of machine investigations by E. A. Komissartschik and A. L. Futer.
Here is an instructive example from the more recent game practice of the knight pawn:
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H | ||
| 8th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8th |
| 7th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7th |
| 6th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6th |
| 5 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
| 4th | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th |
| 3 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
| 2 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
| 1 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
| a | b | c | d | e | f | G | H |
63.Qb8 +! Other moves do not win. 63.Qf8 +? Kg3! 64.Qf3 + Kh2! 65. Qh3 + Kg1 draw; 63.Qd4 +? Kg3! draw; 63.Qf6 +? Kg3! 64.Qg5 + Kh2! draw
Kg4 64. Qc8 + Kg3 also 64.… Kf4 65. Qf5 + Kg3 66. Qh3 + leads to the same position
65. Qh3 + Kf4 66. Qf5 + ?! Easier equals 66. Qf3 +
66.… Kg3 67. Qh3 + Kf4 68. Qf3 + Ke5 Your own king moves the queen.
69. g4 Kd4 70. g5 De8 + 71. Kg7 De7 + 72. Kh6 Another chess loses immediately because of the counter check and queue exchange.
73.… Kc4 73. Qf4 + Kb5 74. g6 De6 75. Kg5 De7 + after Qd5 +? the lady is tied up.
76. Kg4 Qg7 The queen is a bad blockade figure .
77. Qd6 ?! Better was 77.Qf5 + Kb4 78.Qf7 Da1 79.Qb7 + Kc5 80. g7 Qd1 + 81.Kg5 Qc1 + 82.Kg6 Qc2 + 83.Kf7 Qc4 + 84.Kf8 Qf4 + 85.Ke8 Qg3 86.Kd8 Qg6 87.Qd7 Kc4 88. Kc 89. Kb7 Qb1 + 90. Kc7 Qh7 91. Kb8 Qb1 + 92. Qb7 Qa2 93. Qf3 + Kd4 94. Qg4 +
77.… Ka4 78. Kf5 Qc3 79. Qe5 is more precisely 79. Kg4
79 ... Qh3 + 80. Kg5 Qg2 + 81. Kf5 Qh3 + 82. Kf6 Qf3 + 83. Qf5 Qc3 + 84. Kg5? That gives the profit out of hand.
84.… Ka3 85. Qf8 + Ka4? In queen endings, the king of the weaker side is often better off in the corner, because there he can only be threatened from three directions. Correct was Ka2 or Kb3.
86. Qa8 +? Also wrong. Only Kg4! wins and it becomes clear why the black king is not in good hands on the 4th row.
86.… Kb4 87. Qb7 + Ka5? With Ka3! he could have gone to the saving corner, because after 88. g7 Qe5 + there is perpetual check .
88.g7 De5 + 89. Kg6 De6 + 90. Kh7 Qf5 + 91. Kg8 Ka4 92. Qh1? This is supposed to secure the h-file for the king, but decentralizes the queen. However, due to the risk of perpetual chess, the last step towards conversion is not easy to implement.
92.… Qc8 +? This gives up the last chance to go to the corner with Ka3 or Kb3. It followed
93. Kh7 Qf5 + 94. Kh8 De5 95. Qh3 Qd4 96. Qe6 Qh4 + 97. Kg8 Qf4 98. Qd5 Ka3 99.Kh7 Qh4 + 100. Kg6 Qg3 + 101. Kf7 Qf4 + 102. Ke8 Qb8 + 103. Qd8 Qb5 + 104. Qd7 Qh5 + 105. Kf8 Qf3 + 106. Ke7 De4 + 107. De6 Qb7 + 108. Kf6 Qf3 + 109. Kg5 Qg3 + 110. Qg4 De5 + 111. Kh4 Qf6 + 112. Qg5 Qd4 + 113. Kh3 1–0
literature
- John Roycroft , Kenneth Lane Thompson : Queen and Pawn on a2 against Queen (= Roycroft's 5-man Chess Endgame Series 6). Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, London 1986, ISBN 1-869874-00-5 .
- John Roycroft, Kenneth Lane Thompson: Queen and Pawn on a6 against Queen (= Roycroft's 5-man Chess Endgame Series 2). Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, London 1986, ISBN 1-869874-05-6 .
- John Roycroft, Kenneth Lane Thompson: Queen and Pawn on b7 against Queen (= Roycroft's 5-man Chess Endgame Series 7). Chess Endgame Consultants and Publishers, London 1986, ISBN 1-869874-10-2 .
