Danau Tondano
| Danau Tondano | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Geographical location | Sulawesi Utara , Sulawesi | |
| Drain | Tondano → Celebes Sea | |
| Location close to the shore | Manado | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 1 ° 13 '59 " N , 124 ° 54' 0" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 683 m | |
| surface | 48 km² | |
| Maximum depth | 21-22 | |
Danau Tondano is a lake of volcanic origin in the north of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi . It is located around 30 kilometers southeast of the city of Manado in the Sulawesi Utara province .
The lake is located to the east of a 30 by 20 kilometer caldera . At the edge of the caldera that emerged stratovolcanoes Soputan , Sempu , Mount Lokon and Mahawu that are active to some extent in the present. Inside the caldera are from Obsidan existing lava flows , cinder cones , a Maar and hydrothermally active areas. It is not known when volcanic eruptions last occurred within the caldera .
The lake is 683 meters above sea level and in 1994 had an area of around 48 km² and a maximum depth of 21 to 22 meters. The northern part of the lake is shallower with depths of six to ten meters. In press reports it is claimed that the sea depth has been reduced considerably in the past few decades due to rapid sedimentation . The cause is named as soil erosion, which is triggered by the deforestation of forests and rice cultivation in the catchment area. Scientific publications contradict the press reports: According to a study published in 2001, no obvious human influences on the sedimentation in the lake are detectable. The sediment input from rivers is relatively low, as a considerable part of the precipitation seeps into the catchment area.
The lake water is used to generate electricity and to supply drinking water. Fishing and fish farming are carried out; the lake is also used for local recreation and tourism. There are several lakeside restaurants near Remboken, a town on the west bank. At the northern end of the lake is the town of the same name, Tondano.
literature
- Rien AC Dam, Jennie Fluin, Papay Suparan, Sander van der Kaar: Palaeoenvironmental developments in the Lake Tondano area (N. Sulawesi, Indonesia) since 33,000 yr BP In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 171 (2001) pp. 147-183 (English, pdf, 1.9 MB)
Web links
- Tondano Caldera in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dam, palaeoenvironmental developments , p. 152.
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^ No action taken to restore damaged Lake Tondano. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Jakarta Post , June 13, 2002; N. Sulawesi's Lake Tondano now only 12 meters deep. ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Jakarta Post, August 25, 2011.
- ↑ Dam, palaeoenvironmental Developments , S. 178th
