Dardanariat

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Dardanariat is a term for the corn usury through incorrect measurements or through speculation, generally also for the buying up of freshly created values ​​in order to withhold them at first and later to sell them at maximum prices if there is a general shortage.

Origin of name

The name is likely to go back to a Phoenician or Carthaginian magician named Dardanos, who transported ears of corn into his granary with magical powers and who later sold the corn at high prices when there was a shortage of corn. According to Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon from 1905, the name comes from Dardanarius, a Roman usurer. The comprehensive concise dictionary by Karl Ernst Georges already refers in dardanarius to ancient Greek δάνος “interest, usury”.

Dardanarius in the CIC

In any case, the term dardanarius can be found at the beginning of the 3rd century AD with the Roman jurists Ulpian and Julius Paulus and is passed down to us through the Corpus Iuris Civilis in the digests (dig. 48.19.37). The job concerns the use of incorrect measurements:

“Paulus libro primo sententiarum: in dardanarios propter falsum mensurarum modum ob utilitatem popularis annonae pro modo admissi extra ordinem vindicari placuit.”

"It has been held that dardanarii who make use of false measures shall, for the purpose of protecting the welfare of the people with reference to food, be punished arbitrarily, according to the nature of the crime."

Modern sources

  • “It is necessary to forbid such harmful grain usury again in such a way ... that the person who will be referred to such a purchase and pre-purchase is to be seen ... with confiscation of the grain and still ... with a ... penalty. Date: 1790 Location: Spangenb., Hann. III 556
  • General land law for the Prussian states: II. Part 20. Title §§ 1290 f.
  • Dardanaire (fr.) - harmful buyer, grain usurer, monopoly.
  • "Crimen dardanariatus, is a crime of the craftsmen and others who buy and sell wrong measure, cubits, weight and bushels, or do not give the buyers full measure". Johann Georg Krünitz: Economic Encyclopaedie .
  • Lecture by Karl Mocnik, Ergokratie 2004

Legal situation (Austria)

The use of incorrect or no longer correctly calibrated dimensions and weights constitutes a violation of the Measures and Verification Act and, in the case of intent to deceive and enrich with property damage, constitutes fraud (§§ 146 ff StGB). The cheap purchase and expensive resale of agricultural products is, however, referred to as commodity futures in today's economic life and is unpunished.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dardanarius . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 4, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p.  741 .
  2. ↑ Online edition based on Mommsen
  3. ^ Translation by SP Scott 1932
  4. ↑ Corn usury . In: Former Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 7 , issue 9 (edited by Günther Dickel , Heino Speer, with the assistance of Renate Ahlheim, Richard Schröder, Christina Kimmel, Hans Blesken). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1982, OCLC 832567132 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  5. ↑ Club of Vienna  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.clubofvienna.org  
  6. ↑ Federal Chancellery / Legal Information System