The book of nature

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Illustrated page from the print by Johann Bämler (edition from 1481)

The book of nature , also book of natural things , is an encyclopedia by Konrad von Megenberg (first half of the 14th century ). It is considered to be the first important scientific treatise to be published in German.

The book of nature (created approx. 1349-1350) is a general, already fairly systematic natural history, which is interesting as evidence of the knowledge of the time and is culturally important due to the citing of many legends and the like. It is largely a translation by Thomas of Cantimprés Liber de natura rerum , but it also contains new material - for example on some animal and plant species or observations on rainbows . The book of nature quickly found widespread circulation (over 100 manuscripts). The work first appeared in print without place and year in quart, then Augsburg in 1475 and then more often (e.g. printed by Johann Bäumler, Augsburg 1481).

Sources

Konrad von Megenberg used nature from several sources when creating his book. The main basis of his text was the Liber de natura rerum by Thomas Cantimpré , which he translated from Latin into German. However, this is not a direct author's version, but a template called Thomas III. Cantimpré was a student of Albertus Magnus and Konrad initially assumed that the Liber de natura rerum was a book by Albertus Magnus. However, Konrad had at least two editions of the Liber de natura rerum , because there is no tradition in which all articles and criteria that Konrad uses are included. He took the structure of his book from the Thomas III manuscript, for example, while he took the book about the miracle men from another manuscript. Other sources that Konrad von Megenberg used to complete his book were the Liber canonis by Avicenna , De significationibus somniorum from the Liber ad Almansorem by Rhazes and De vagitabilibus by Albert Magnus. At the same time, he also allows his knowledge base, which he has from texts by Aristotle and the Sphaera mundi by Johannes de Sacrobosco , to flow into his work.

His further revisions of the original included additional allegories and new plant chapters from other sources. The book of nature has come down to us in two author's versions. The dedication version dedicated to Duke Rudolf IV of Austria and the prologue version. The dedication version is most notable for the text extension it contains. This text expansion includes a topic about the divine trinity, angels and soul at the beginning of the book of nature. The prologue version was of the two author's versions, which has been handed down much broader. It is characterized by a rhyming prologue to the Virgin Mary and a rhyming epilogue.

Lore

The book of nature has been handed down in 173 text witnesses. These include manuscripts and prints as a whole, in parts, in chapter groups, in individual chapters or as excerpts. The core of the tradition consists of 80 manuscripts and fragments and 6 incunabulum prints . Of these, 70 manuscripts hand down the book of nature in full.

distribution

The book of nature was mainly distributed in southern Germany. The oldest text witnesses come from Konrad's lifetime. The Schlierbachercod is considered the oldest manuscript. 36 of 1369. The main focus of the handwritten tradition lies between 1430 and 1460. The end point of the tradition are the incunabulum prints. The last of these prints was made in 1499. Up into the 16th century there were further partial copies and adaptations of the Book of Nature. Reception: 1/3 of the manuscripts were in the possession of secular-noble or middle-class people.

construction

The book of nature is divided into 8 large sections, which are framed in the editions of the prologue version by pro and epilogue. The chapters in the Book of Nature are - with the exception of the first, second and eighth part books - arranged alphabetically according to the Latin terms of the subjects. This order does not go beyond the first letter of the terms.

Book I covers the limbs and organs of the human being, covered in the order from head to toe. In Book II first the sky , then the iben planets and finally the elements are described. The planets and elements are arranged according to the celestial spheres ( cosmology of the Middle Ages ) in descending order. Chapter III A0 contains an explanation of the order of animals according to their habitats. Book VIII shows no recognizable order.

contents

Book I.

The first book in the “Book of Nature” is about man, beginning with the explanation of the creation of man by God, individual body parts and organs are described in more detail in the following chapters. The doctrine of procreation is also part of this book.

I.0 Of the men in a common nature. I.1 Of the brain. I.2 From the brain. I.3 From the har. I.4 From the ſlaf. I.5 From the eyes. I.6 Of the eyebrows. I.7 of the oren. I.8 From the wet. I.9 From the part. I.10 From the mouth. I.11 Of the czenden. I.12 From the tongues. I.13 From the part. I.14 From the aichleinn. I.15 Of the uberual. I.16 From the ſluntrorn. I.17 From the air trip. I.18 Of the keln. I.19 From the neck. I.20 Of the achſſles. I.21 Of the poor. I.22 Of the little mouse. I.23 From the hands. I.24 From the vingern. I.25 Of the negles. I.26 The pain. I.27 From the margk. I.28 From the flaiſch. I.29 From the skin. I.30 From the jerk. I.31 From the pruſt. I.32 Of the pruſtlein. I.33 From the heart. I.34 of the livers. I.35 From the gall. I.36 of the lungs. I.37 From the miltz. I.38 From the pauch. I.39 From the stomach. I.40 From the navel. I.41 Of the plaſen. I.42 Of the nyeren. I.43 Of the veins. I.44 of the panthers. I.45 From the czaichen, whether a fraw ſwanger ſey. I.46 From what a ſachen a fraw ſwanger becomes a boy. I.47 From the czaichen whether a fraw is wearing a knaͤblein. I.48 How dye gepurd an dy werlt kom. I.49.1 From the czaiches of the natural ſytes and the decade of the har. I.49.2 From the varb. I.49.3 From the eyes. I.49.4 From the uberpra. I.49.5 Of the naſholes. I.49.6 From the tirn. I.49.7 From the mouth. I.49.8 From dez menſchen antlucz. I.49.9 Of the oren. I.49.10 From the ſtymme. I.49.11 From the flaiſch. I.49.12 From laughing. I.49.13 On the move. I.49.14 From the neck. I.49.15 From the pruſt. I.49.16 From the ribs. I.49.17 Of the achſles. I.49.18 From the poor. I.49.19 From the hands. I.49.20 From the feet. I.49.21 Of the Christians. I.49.22 Welher kün ſey. I.49.23 Welher respectfully ſey. I.49.24 Welher gutz ſyns ſey. I.49.25 He who has a full body. I.49.26 He who loves dy holiness. I.49.27 Who ſtumps ſynns ſey. I.49.28 Who vnſchamig ſey. I.49.29 Who is angry ſey. I.49.30 From a vnkewſchen man. I.49.31 Who has a female courage. I.49.32 From the poſen mannen. I.50 Of the dream.

Book II

In this book, the cosmos model at the time of Konrad von Megenberg is explained and the individual components, such as the planets, weather phenomena or the element air, are described.

II.0 From the heavens and from the ibe planets. II.1 Dec first of the ſatiar. II.2 From the helfater. II.3 From the streytgot. II.4 From the ſunnen. II.5 From the morning. II.6 From the buyer. II.7 From the monn. II.8 Of the planets in ainer gemain. II.9 From the fewr. II.10 From the air. II.11 From the inspected tern. II.12 From the fewr in the air. II.13 From the herſtraſs am himel. II.14 From dez himels abgrund. II.15 Of the winds. II.16 From the rain. II.17 From the tawe. II.18 From the ſne. II.19 Of the mature. II.20 From the ſchawr. II.21 From the miltawe. II.22 From the honey. II.23 From the himelfladen. II.24 From the himelprot. II.25 From the doner and from the splitting. II.26 From the fog. II.27 From the ſunnen hof. II.28 Of the zuſunnen. II.29 Of the unnenſtricks. II.30 From the rainpogen. II.31 From the water. II.32 Of the earthly. II.33 From the earth epidemic.

Book III

The third book deals with the animals that Konrad von Megenberg was familiar with and contains chapters on domestic and farm animals such as dogs (9) or horses (25) but also on exotic animals such as elephants (24).

III.A.0 From the tyrn in eyner gemain. III.A.1 From the eſel. III.A.2 From the willden boar. III.A.3 From the shark boar. III.A.4 Of the alches. III.A.5 From the haane. III.A.6 Of the aur ochſſen. III.A.7 Of the bomachen. III.A.8 From the kämel. III.A.9 From the hunt. III.A.10 From the piber. III.A.11 Of the gaiſſen. III.A.12 Of the wild gaizz who haiſt gemzz ze deutsch. III.A.13 From the rech. III.A.14 From the cachen. III.A.15 From the hirs. III.A.16 From the cathafeben. III.A.17 From the cyrogrillen or from the big ygel. III.A.18 From the calopen. III.A.19 From the cyrograten. III.A.20 From the dam. III.A.21 From the duran. III.A.22 From the roof. III.A.23 From the dromedaͤr. III.A.24 From the elephant. III.A.25 From the pfaͤrd. III.A.26 From the hedgehog. III.A.27 From the falen. III.A.28 From the grutzz. III.A.29 From the furion. III.A.30 From the walt rattz. III.A.31 From the galy. III.A.32 From the röſel. III.A.33 From the alch. III.A.34 From the ybrida. III.A.35 Of the thornſ wine. III.A.36 From the grave animal. III.A.37 Of the leven. III.A.38 Of the leopard. III.A.39 From the lami. III.A.40 From the lauzan. III.A.41 Of the lynx. III.A.42 Of the wolf. III.A.43 From the linſen. III.A.44 From the leocoffen. III.A.45 From that one. III.A.46 From the otter. III.A.47 From the locuſten. III.A.48 From the maul. III.A.49 From the ruden. III.A.50 Of the piſemtier. III.A.51 From the cat. III.A.52 From the wiſel. III.A.53 From the mouse. III.A.54 From the walt eſel. III.A.55 From the onacenthauren. III.A.56 From the sheep. III.A.57 From the parden. III.A.58 From the pantier. III.A.59 From the pilos. III.A.60 Von dem elthes. III.A.61 From the aichorn. III.A.62 Of the monkey. III.A.63 From the ochſſen. III.A.64 From the tragelaf. III.A.65 Of the ſchter. III.A.66 From the tyger. III.A.67 From the ainhœrn. III.A.68 From the pern. III.A.69 From the fox.

III.B.0 From the Gefuegel in ainer gemain.

This section in the third book specifically contains chapters on birds and their subspecies poultry, but also on other flying animals that are no longer counted among birds today, such as the bat (69).

III.B.1 From the aristocratic. III.B.2 From the arpen. III.B.3 Von dem raigel III.B.4 Von der ganns. III.B.5 From the above. III.B.6 From the habich. III.B.7 From the amer. III.B.8 From the achant. III.B.9 From the lark. III.B.10 From the allczen. III.B.11 From the wachad. III.B.12 From the Auff. III.B.13 From the calader. III.B.14 From the elbizz. III.B.15 From the cariſten. III.B.16 Of the ſtorchen. III.B.17 From the galander. III.B.18 Of the raven. III.B.19 From the kraen. III.B.20 From the kukuch. III.B.21 From the coredel. III.B.22 From the deaf. III.B.23 From the quail. III.B.24 From the ſtiglitz. III.B.25 From the kunigel. III.B.26 From the kunigs fogel. III.B.27 From the greifualken. III.B.28 From the fenix. III.B.29 From the falcon. III.B.30 From the fulken. III.B.31 From the fater. III.B.32 From the gräcender. III.B.33 Of the seize. III.B.34 ​​From the krannchen. III.B.35 From the hann. III.B.36 of the hens. III.B.37 From the cappawn. III.B.38 From the vaſſhan. III.B.39 From the higher. III.B.40 Of the ruchen. III.B.41 Of the eyben. III.B.42 From the ſwalben. III.B.43 From the eyſuogel. III.B.44 Of the keichen. III.B.45 From the laurel. III.B.46 Of the benefit. III.B.47 From the weyen. III.B.48 of the mergans. III.B.49 From the amſeln. III.B.50 Of the tahen. III.B.51 From the diver. III.B.52 From the parber. III.B.53 From the outer. III.B.54 From the ankrätl. III.B.55 From the pellican. III.B.56 From the porphiri. III.B.57 Of the pfaben. III.B.58 From the rephun. III.B.59 From the pyro. III.B.60 of the agluſtern. III.B.61 Von der percken. III.B.62 Of the Nachtigal. III.B.63 From the ſitich. III.B.64 About to trust. III.B.65 From the rage and from the ämring. III.B.66 From the ſtarn. III.B.67 From the trogopel. III.B.68 Of the lovebirds. III.B.69 Von der bat. III.B.70 From the clagfogel. III.B.71 From the withopffen. III.B.72 From the geyrn.

III.C.0 Wonder from the mer.

From the mermünich

This book also begins with the explanation of the origin of the "sea wonders" and describes in the following chapters the special features of the individual creatures, such as the "merhunt" (7) or the "merjungfrawn" (18).

III.C.1 From the exit. III.C.2 From the merfraz. III.C.3 From the hertſnabel. III.C.4 Of the kutſchdrillen. III.C.5 From the denckfuezz. III.C.6 From the kylon. III.C.7 From the merhunt. III.C.8 From the mertracken. III.C.9 From the dolphin. III.C.10 From the waſſerpfärd. III.C.11 Of the merrind. III.C.12 From the ſwertruſſel. III.C.13 From the kyllen. III.C.14 From the ludlacher. III.C.15 From the mermünich. III.C.16 From the clagant. III.C.17 Of the merweiben. III.C.18 from the merjungfrawn. III.C.19 From the ſtichen. III.C.20 From the teſte.

III.D.0 Of the viſchen.

This book deals with the known fish species at the time of Konrad von Megenberg and also describes other marine life, such as crabs (8) or marine mammals such as the whale (7).

III.D.1 From the æl. III.D.2 From the haring. III.D.3 Of the goltwollen. III.D.4 From the clain viſchl. III.D.5 From the merſpinnen. III.D.6 From the regenviſch. III.D.7 From the Walvisch. III.D.8 About cancer. III.D.9 From the ſnecken. III.D.10 From the mer raven. III.D.11 From the clauren. III.D.12 From the viſch dolphin. III.D.13 From the real. III.D.14 From the cut. III.D.15 From the gran. III.D.16 From the merſwalb. III.D.17 From the kalos. III.D.18 From the pike. III.D.19 From the muren. III.D.20 From the megar. III.D.21 From the kainviſch. III.D.22 From the oſtern. III.D.23 From the merſwein. III.D.24 Of the tuern. III.D.25 From the hamfreſſen. III.D.26 From the merſchern. III.D.27 From the ſnecken. III.D.28 From the tribian. III.D.29 From the merſlangen.

III.E.0 Of the langen.

A snake has thirty ribs (line 10: The ſlang has thirty ribs.) And its limbs grow back at will (line 9: If you slee the ſwantz, it hurts you by nature ...). Snakes are very poisonous and want to kill people, for which they have to pay with their own lives (line 17: Si muzz ir ſuend puezzen wan ſi tirbt churtzleich afterwards ...). There are many different types of snakes, each of which has its own chapter in the "Book of Nature" such as "Von der boa." (4) or "Von der wazzerſlang." (14) and "Von der cencker." (8) .

III.E.1 From the aſpen. III.E.2 From the anſiben. III.E.3 From the vngk. III.E.4 From the boa III.E.5 From the bern. III.E.6 From the ceraſten. III.E.7 From the cilider. III.E.8 From the cencker. III.E.9 From the diſpen. III.E.10 Of the tracking. III.E.11 From the track coppen. III.E.12 from the ypnappen. III.E.13 From the emoroyen. III.E.14 From the wazzerſlang. III.E.15 From the ſchosſlang. III.E.16 From the eydechſſen. III.E.17 From the natern. III.E.18 of the nadern. III.E.19 From the ſchelmſ1ang. III.E.20 From the pary. III.E.21 From the slide. III.E.22 From the ſalamander. III.E.23 From the ſerpen. III.E.24 From the ſeurn. III.E.25 From the viſpeln. III.E.26 From the ſpetwifte. III.E.27 From the Alps. III.E.28 From the ſternſlang. III.E.29 From the common. III.E.30 From the durſtſlang. III.E.31 From the ſyren. III.E.32 From the ſcorppen. III.E.33 From the tortuk. III.E.34 From the tarant. III.E.35 From the animal length. III.E.36 Of the tyſen. III.E.37 From the vippern.

III.F.0 Of the worms in Ayner Gemain.

Worms are made of meat or wood (line 5:… auz fleiſch or auz holtz…) have no blood (line 11: Chain wurm hat plut…) and crawl back and forth (line 17:… when ſi crawling back and forth .). However, some have wings or several feet (line 18: Ez ſint also some who have fuezz and wings ...). Here, too, there are several types such as “Von dem premen.” (9), “Vom paumwurm.” (10) and “Von dem holtzwurm.” (26).

III.F.1 From the pynn. III.F.2 From the tiller. III.F.3 From the clain kroten. III.F.4 From the large toad. III.F.5 From the ſeyden worm. III.F.6 From the glaimel. III.F.7 Von der hundsmucken. III.F.8 From the ſnaken. III.F.9 Of the premen. III.F.10 From the peckworm. III.F.11 From the harlitzz. III.F.12 From the herb worm. III.F.13 From the amaiſſen. III.F.14 From the amaizzlewen. III.F.15 Of the terrestrial. III.F.16 Of the shocking. III.F.17 Von der mucken. III.F.18 From the floch. III.F.19 From the füzzling. III.F.20 From the froſch. III.F.21 Of the egeln. III.F.22 From the waſſer läuffel. III.F.23 Of Solomon's worm. III.F.24 From the robber. III.F.25 From the white corner. III.F.26 From the wood worm. III.F.27 From the ſchab. III.F.28 From the ſpeck mad. III.F.29 Of the wefſen. III.F.30 From the earthworm. III.F.31 From the Celidonian

Book IV

The trees are presented chronologically in the “Book of Nature”, such as “Von Adams paum.” (2), “Von der puchen.” (17) or “Von der weyden.” (46).

IV.A.0 From the pawmen. IV.A.1 Vnd dec erſten from the kauſchen lamp. IV.A.2 By Adams paum. IV.A.3 by dez paradiſes paum. IV.A.4 About the strange paum. IV.A.5 From the fir. IV.A.6 From the erlln. IV.A.7 From the almond tree. IV.A.8 From the hawthorn. IV.A.9 From the puchspaum. IV.A.10 From the keſtenpaum. IV.A.11 From the cederpaum. IV.A.12 From the cipreſſenpaum. IV.A.13 From the kutenpaum. IV.A.14 From the eyban. IV.A.15 From the epaum. IV.A.16 From the fig paum. IV.A.17 From the puchen. IV.A.18 From the ſlintpaum. IV.A.19 From the eylpaum. IV.A.20 From the chranwitpaum. IV.A.21 From the lorpaum. IV.A.22 From the lorant. IV.A.23 From the house paum. IV.A.24 From the lumbar tree. IV.A.25 From the malgranpaum. IV.A.26 From the wooden pots. IV.A.27 From the maulperpaum. IV.A.28 From the pircken. IV.A.29 From the mirtelpaum. IV.A.30 From the neſpelpaum. IV.A.31 Of the nuſpaum. IV.A.32 Of the handle nuts. IV.A.33 Of the wild olive oil. IV.A.34 From the olpaum. IV.A.35 From the palm tree. IV.A.36 From the maple. IV.A.37 From the cattle. IV.A.38 From the alberpaum. IV.A.39 From the pir paum. IV.A.40 From the creeppaum. IV.A.41 Of the pferichpaum. IV.A.42 From the aich. IV.A.43 About the rubella tree. IV.A.44 From the rose paum. IV.A.45 From the ſedthin. IV.A.46 Von der Weyden. IV.A.47 From the high maulper paum. IV.A.48 From the holer. IV.A.49 From the ſperhagen. IV.A.50 From the tympaum. IV.A.51 Of the therebinten. IV.A.52 Of the badger paum. IV.A.53 Von der linden. IV.A.54 From the grapevine. IV.A.55 From the vlmpaum.

IV.B.0 Of the cloud-smacking pawmen.

These are trees that do not grow in Germany, but in countries where it is hot (Z.4:… don't wachſent land in tætſchen; ſi wachſent land in the heaters…). Examples of this are “From the cardamom.” (4), “From the nailspaum.” (17) or “From the pfefferpaum.” (24).

IV.B.1 From the albums aloe. IV.B.2 From the aloes. IV.B.3 From the amomo. IV.B.4 From the cardamom. IV.B.5 From the widell. IV.B.6 From the balſam tree. IV.B.7 From the cinamom. IV.B.8 From the holtz chazz. IV.B.9 From the caſſian. IV.B.10 From the caſſenrörn. IV.B.11 Of the cloud-smelling stalk. IV.B.12 From the allexandriſchen kurbis. IV.B.13 From the cappar. IV.B.14 Of the kubeben. IV.B.15 From the dyadragant. IV.B.16 From the galban. IV.B.17 Of the nailspaum. IV.B.18 From the galangal. IV.B.19 From the Arabic zaher. IV.B.20 From the Arabic mirrn. IV.B.21 From the maczen paum. IV.B.22 Of the muſchcat paum. IV.B.23 From the onich. IV.B.24 From the pepperpaum. IV.B.25 From the pigeon pommel. IV.B.26 From the mirren czaher. IV.B.27 From the ſtorax. IV.B.28 From the ſandal. IV.B.29 From the weyrach.

Book V

Herbs are diverse because they are a mixture of the four elements, grow in the ground (line 9: ... daz iſt like the four elements ...) and have miraculous powers (line 19: Ez also have other writers even wondrous creations ...) . In the “Book of Nature”, among other things, “Von dem wermut.” (1), “Von der alrawn.” (48) and “Von dem czucker.” (88) are discussed in more detail.

V.0 From the krætern in ayner gemain. V.1. From the worminess. V.2 Of the anetkraut. V.3 From the epff. V.4 From the hobwurtz. V.5 From the garlic. V.6 From the herb. V.7 From the anys. V.8 From the peypos. V.9 From the painted. V.10 From the white papules. V.11 From the mausorl. V.12 From the patonigen. V.13 From the baſilig. V.14 From the hauſwurtz. V.15 Of the pieſſen. V.16 From the gamillen. V.17 From the cziual. V.18 From the giggle. V.19 From the ſchellwurtz. V.20 From the dog tongues. V.21 From the pins. V.22 From the potato. V.23 Of the kwein krawt. V.24 From the kunigs kron. V.25 From the ſaffran. V.26 From the kurbis. V.27 Of the cabbage herb. V.28 Von der ſunnen werbel. V.29 From the hönig rorn. V.30 From the wanczen herb. V.31 From the campers. V.32 From the kummel. V.33 From the earth gall. V.34 From the pfefferkrawt. V.35 From the white ſemff. V.36 From the nieſwurtz. V.37 From the fennel. V.38 From the ſwamm. V.39 From the pon. V.40 From the grain. V.41 From the hirſs. V.42 From the ſlaten. V.43 From the hopping. V.44 From the pilſen krawt. V.45 From the yſpen. V.46 From the lacktuken. V.47 from the lylien. V.48 From the alrawn. V.49 From the papules. V.50 From the mintzen. V.51 From the marobel. V.52 From the nard. V.53 From the kreſs. V.54 From the ſeewurtz. V.55 From the red kornplum. V.56 From the napeln. V.57 From the kräſſel. V.58 From the velltplum. V.59 Of the redeemed. V.60 From the peterſill. V.61 Of the gastric herb. V.62 From the peon herb. V.63 From the parish. V.64 From the porcini herb. V.65 From the polay. V.66 Of the herbaceous herb. V.67 From the lozenge. V.68 From the ratich. V.69 From the ruben. V.70 From the reys. V.71 From the wayt krawt. V.72 From the gais vennel. V.73 From the velt yſpen. V.74 From the perg giggle. V.75 From the ſta speaking. V.76 From the ſaluay. V.77 From the mawsczwiual. V.78 From the ſingrün. V.79 From the ſemff. V.80 From the linſat. V.81 From the ſterczlkraut. V.82 From the neſſel. V.83 Of the eyehab. V.84 From the wicken. V.85 From the veyol. V.86 From the ginger. V.87 From the czitwar. V.88 Of the sugar. V.89 Of the rat herb.

Book VI

Gemstones are, just like herbs, a mixture of the four elements (line 13:… int the four elements…). They are available in many colors (line 8:… weis, ſwartz, green, red, purple and other varb…). Stones have positive as well as negative effects on people (line 20:… I have great power to help men…). In the “Book of Nature”, for example, the chapters “From the achat” (2), “From the magnet” (50) and “From the ſaphire” (66) are explained in more detail.

VI.0 From the noble ſtain in ainer gemain. VI.1 Of the ametite. VI.2 Of the achat. VI.3 From the adamas. VI.4 From the abeſton. VI.5 From the amanten. VI.6 From the alectori. VI.7 From the abſynt. VI.8 From the alabander. VI.9 From the amandin. VI.10 Of the andromant. VI.11 Of the berillen. VI.12 From the krotenſtain. VI.13 From the karbunckel. VI.14 Of the calcedon. VI.15 From the corals. VI.16 Of the criſopraſſen. VI.17 From the ſwalbenſtain. VI.18 From the caloff. VI.19 From the criſtallen. VI.20 From the criſolecter. VI.21 From the donerſtain. VI.22 From the corneol. VI.23 From the criſolit. VI.24 From the ſneckenſtain. VI.25 Of the cegolit. VI.26 From the chriſopaſion. VI.27 From the wetzſtain. VI.28 From the demon. VI.29 From the drackenſtain. VI.30 From the dyoniſy. VI.31 Of the diadochi. VI.32 Of the emachite. VI.33 Of the Echite. VI.34 From the ſunenwendl. VI.35 From the epiſtuten. VI.36 From the exacolit. VI.37 From the elider. VI.38 Of the garnet. VI.39 From the aytſtain. VI.40 From the left. VI.41 Of the galarite. VI.42 From the gatrom. VI.43 Of the gerarchite. VI.44 Of the jaſpen. VI.45 From the jachant. VI.46 From the rainpogen. VI.47 From the yen. VI.48 From the luchsſtain. VI.49 From the lagapen. VI.50 Of the magnet. VI.51 From the memphyte. VI.52 From the meden. VI.53 From the ſpat. VI.54 From the alabaſter. VI.55 From the noſech. VI.56 From the onichen. VI.57 From the oſtolan. VI.58 From the orite. VI.59 Of the pirite. VI.60 Of the panther. VI.61 Of the praſen. VI.62 From the leutſtain. VI.63 Of the peanite. VI.64 Of the withopfenſtein. VI.65 From the geirſtain. VI.66 From the ſaphire. VI.67 Of the ſmaragden. VI.68 Of the ſardonite. VI.69 From the arden. VI.70 From the ſyrn. VI.71 Of the leichſtain. VI.72 From the ſami. VI.73 From the ſuccin. VI.74 From the ſylenite. VI.75 From the ſpiegelſtain. VI.76 From the ſadden. VI.77 From the topaſi. VI.78 Of the obel. VI.79 Of the distribute. VI.80 Of the vernix. VI.81 From the laſurſtain. VI.82 From the czignite. VI.83 From the old fathers red. VI.84 by Thetels puchel. VI.85 Now ſI raise Thetels půchl VI.86 How to bring dy ſtain back to iren krfften.

Book VII

The “Book of Nature” reports on seven “gems”: gollt, ſilber, gunderfay, kupffer, tzin, pley and eyſen.

VII.0 From the geſmeyd. VII.1 Of which gollt. VII.2 From the silver. VII.3 From the kockſilber. VII.4 From the goltlaim. VII.5 From the gunderfay. VII.6 From the kupffer. VII.7 From the eyſen. VII.8 From the tzin. VII.9 From the ſwebel. VII.10 From the pley.

Book VIII

In the last part of the book, Konrad von Megenberg goes into more detail on the things that have not yet appeared in the rest of the book, but which should not be left out. This includes "From the miraculous men." And "From the wonderful corpses læuten."

VIII.1 Of the whimsical fountains. VIII.2 Of the miraculous men. VIII.3 Of the wonderful corpses ring.

See also

Text output

  • Robert Luff, Georg Steer (ed.): "The" book of nature "", Konrad von Megenberg . Vol. 2 - Critical text based on the manuscripts. M. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2003. ISBN 3484360542
  • Franz Pfeiffer : The book of nature by Konrad von Megenberg. The first natural history in German language , Stuttgart (1861; correct :) 1862 (reprint 1962, Faks. G. Olms, Hildesheim-New York 1971, 1994) Bayerische Staatsbibliothek

Translations

  • Konrad von Megenberg: book of nature. , translated into New High German by Gerhard E. Sollbach, Harenberg Edition, Dortmund 1989, Insel, Frankfurt 1990, ISBN 3-88379-560-7 , ISBN 3-458-16072-8

literature

  • Walter Buckl: Megenberg second hand. Studies in the history of tradition for the editorial department B of the book of natural things , (= German texts and studies; Volume 42), Hildesheim, Zurich, New York: Olms-Weidmann 1993
  • Gerold Hayer: Konrad von Megenberg ›The Book of Nature‹. Investigations into its text and transmission history (= Munich texts and investigations into German medieval literature, vol. 110), Tübingen: Niemeyer 1998
  • Robert Luff and Georg Steer (eds.): Konrad von Megenberg. The ›Book of Nature‹. Vol. 2: Critical text based on the manuscripts , Tübingen: Niemeyer 2003
  • Paul Michel: "The book of nature with Johann Jacob Scheuchzer" , in: W. Haubrichs , W. Kleiber, R. Voss (eds.), Vox Sermo Res. Festschrift Uwe Ruberg , Stuttgart, Leipzig: Hirzel 2001, page 169– 193.
  • Uwe Ruberg: Allegorical in the "book of nature" Konrad von Megenberg " , in: Frühmittelalterliche Studien 12/1978, page 310-325
  • Helgard Ulmschneider: "Ain puoch of Latin ... Albertus mastered that." On the sources of Konrad von Megenberg's “Book of Nature” based on recent manuscript finds, in: Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 121/1992, pages 36–63, and volume 123/1994, pages 309–333

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Book of Nature . August 20, 1481. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  2. ^ As an appendix to the pharmacopoeia of Ortolf von Bayerland . Cf. Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , p. 172.
  3. ↑ Dagmar Gottschall: Konrad von Megenberg's book of natural things. A document of the German-speaking Albertus Magnus reception in the 14th century , pp. 159–163
  4. ↑ Dagmar Gottschall: Konrad von Megenberg's book of natural things. A document of the German-speaking Albertus Magnus reception in the 14th century , pp. 165–167
  5. ↑ Gerold Hayer: Konrad von Megenberg: The book of nature. Investigations into its text and tradition history. Tübingen 1998, p. 14.
  6. ↑ Gerold Hayer: Konrad von Megenberg: The book of nature. Investigations into its text and tradition history. Tübingen 1998, p. 8.
  7. ↑ Gerold Hayer: On the context transfer and functional function of Konrad von Megenberg, book of nature '. In: Latin and vernacular in the German Middle Ages 1100–1500. Ed. V. Nikolaus Henkel u. a. Tübingen 1992. p. 65.
  8. ↑ Gerold Hayer: On the context transfer and functional function of Konrad von Megenberg, book of nature '. In: Latin and vernacular in the German Middle Ages 1100–1500. Ed. V. Nikolaus Henkel u. a. Tübingen 1992. p. 68.
  9. ↑ Gerold Hayer: Konrad von Megenberg: The book of nature. Investigations into its text and tradition history. Tubingen 1998.
  10. ↑ Gerold Hayer: On the context transfer and functional function of Konrad von Megenberg, book of nature '. In: Latin and vernacular in the German Middle Ages 1100–1500. Ed. V. Nikolaus Henkel u. a. Tübingen 1992. p. 65.
  11. ↑ Herfried Vögel: Secondary orders of knowledge in the book of nature by Konrad von Megenberg. In: Encyclopedias of the early modern period. Contributions to their exploration. Ed .: Franz M. Eybl et al., Tübingen 1995, p. 46 f.
  12. ↑ Konrad von Megenberg: Das> Buch der Natur <, II.I. Volume II Critical text based on the manuscripts. Ed .: Robert Luff & Georg Steer, Tübingen, 2003, p. 83
  13. ↑ Konrad von Megenberg: Das> Buch der Natur <, III.A0. Volume II Critical text based on the manuscripts. Ed .: Robert Luff & Georg Steer, Tübingen 2003, p. 139.
  14. ↑ Herfried Vögel: Secondary orders of knowledge in the book of nature by Konrad von Megenberg. In: Encyclopedias of the early modern period. Contributions to their exploration. Ed .: Franz M. Eybl et al., Tübingen 1995, p. 47.

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