Denudation

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In geology, denudation (from Latin denudare “bare”, nudus “naked”) refers to the erosion of land that appears to be extensive . The denudation processes erode the regolith until the underlying rock is exposed, unless they are compensated. Erosion and denudation are often summarized in the term erosion .

The term is also used in other sciences, for example medicine and psychology, in the sense of "exposure".

Denudation in geology

Transport media

The processes of denudation can be broken down according to the transport medium:

Types of denudation

  • Fall denudation occurs mainly on steep rock faces . Loosened particles tumble down the slope and form a slope or debris pile . The particles are sorted according to their grain size : larger particles fly or roll further than small ones. A special case are landslides : by earthquakes, frost damage or moisture it comes to crash complete mountain slopes, which sometimes existing Talschultern may steepen.
  • Offset denudation : The material expands through the absorption of water by swellable clay minerals or the freezing of soil water . When water is released or the soil water thaws, the soil material contracts again. Because the soil surface rises and falls repeatedly, the soil particles are moved down the slope - see also Slippery slope .
  • Denudation by sliding or sliding: Material moves as a compact unit on a sliding surface (preferably on water-impermeable clays) down the slope. Special forms of such sliding processes on steep slopes are avalanches , some mudslides and the formation of plaiks (slipping of the sward).
  • Flows: If fine-earth material is completely saturated with water (and not just above the sliding surface) , there is flow on slopes. In mudslides , water-saturated rubble flows mushy down the slope.

Denudation also serves as a collective term for the overall effect of all "extensive slope removal processes".

Denudation meter

The time required to remove a 1 meter thick land surface is called the denudation meter. The value for Central Europe averages around 20,000 years.

Denudation in medicine, dentistry and psychology

  • In medicine, for example, the destruction of the myelin on nerve fibers ( demyelination ) in multiple sclerosis is sometimes referred to as denudation. One also speaks, for example, of the denudation of the epidermis . - Denudation is simply exposure (sic!).
  • Denudation is the loss of the epithelium of the mucous membrane as radiation damage .
  • Denudation is the process of exposing or removing a layer of tissue, for example. Under a denudation of the lower esophagus to understand the surgical removal of the Vagusäste in this area.
  • As denudation is referred to in the surgery the gentle Freipräparieren anatomical structures during surgery to maintain the blood supply and innervation.
  • In dentistry , denudation is the detachment of the gums from the tooth, for example as a result of periodontitis . The Denudatio radicis (Latin: exposure of the root) is the neck of the tooth by exposing receding of the gums.
  • In behavioral sciences and psychology, too, one speaks of denudation and denudes when it comes to bare and undressing, both literally and figuratively.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Hartmut Leser (Ed.): DIERCKE Dictionary General Geography (= dtv 3422). 14th edition, joint edition, updated new edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag u. a., Munich a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-423-03422-7 .
  2. ^ Otto Dornblüth , Clinical Dictionary , 3rd edition, Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig 1907, page 54.
  3. ^ Roche Lexicon Medicine , Urban & Fischer, 5th edition, Munich and Jena 2003, ISBN 3-437-15156-8 , page 409.
  4. ^ Pschyrembel (Medical Dictionary) , 254th edition, Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1982, ISBN 3-11-007187-8 , page 230.
  5. ↑ Pschyrembel (Medical Dictionary) , 267th edition, Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin and Boston 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-049497-6 , page 392.
  6. ↑ Pschyrembel (Medical Dictionary) , 123rd - 153rd edition, Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin 1959, page 176.
  7. ↑ Duden : “The Dictionary of Medical Terms”, Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim, Georg Thieme Verlag, 4th edition, Stuttgart and New York 1985, ISBN 3-411-02426-7 , page 201.
  8. ^ Gerhard Truig : German dictionary. 7th, completely revised and updated edition, based on the new official spelling rules. Newly published by Renate Wahrig-Burfeind. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh et al. 2001, ISBN 3-577-10446-5 .