German Romans
The group of German visual artists and writers living in Rome , especially of the late 18th and 19th centuries, is referred to as German Romans .
history
Since the Renaissance , the Eternal City, as a refuge for ancient art and a source of new developments, has also attracted German artists. Albrecht Dürer was the first German artist to move to Italy in 1494. Later came - as important representatives - Hans Rottenhammer and Adam Elsheimer .
The time of the actual German Romans begins with Anton Raphael Mengs in the middle of the 18th century. This was followed by Jacob Philipp Hackert , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Christian Reinhart .
The group of these people became a circle from the end of the 18th century. Its central figures in the first half of the 19th century were the painters Joseph Anton Koch and Johann Christian Reinhart. The meeting points included the Villa Malta and the Palazzo Caffarelli . The so-called Nazarenes made up a not insignificant part of the group . In the 1820s, German-speaking artists formed the Ponte Molle Society , which was reorganized into the German Artists' Association in 1845 and existed until 1915. The art historian Karl Friedrich von Rumohr lived in a villa in Olevano in the 1820s , where many of the Nazarenes had found their "sacred grove", the Serpentara . The Villa Serpentara , which emerged from a shelter built by the sculptor Heinrich Gerhardt , is now a living and working building for scholarship holders of the German Academy Villa Massimo, which opened in 1913 .
In a broader sense, Deutschrömer also refers to those German-speaking artists who were particularly influenced by the art of the Italian Renaissance. Among them were Arnold Böcklin , Anselm Feuerbach , Adolf von Hildebrand and Hans von Marées , the latter both receiving ideal and financial support from the art historian Conrad Fiedler . But many artists that are now rather forgotten such as Karl Friedrich Fries , Adam Eberle or Johann Michael Wittmer belonged to the group around the German Romans.
See also
literature
- Friedrich Noack : The Germanness in Rome since the end of the Middle Ages. 2 volumes. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1927. (Digitized version of the Bodleian Libraries: Volume 1 , PDF, 188.9 MB; Volume 2 , PDF, 140 MB)
- Christoph Heilmann (Ed.): “Italy lies in ourselves”. The art of the German-Romans . For the exhibition at the Haus der Kunst in Munich. Hirmer, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-7774-4600-9
- Johannes Vesper: Portraits of German Artists in Rome at the Time of Romanticism (1832–1845) , in: www.musenblaetter.de, 4th Sept. 2008