Dhun Nuniden

The Dhun Nunids , also called Zennun ( Arabic بنو ذي النون, DMG Banū Ḏī n-Nūn ), were a Berber dynasty in Toledo (852–930 and 1028–1085), Valencia (1065–1075 and 1086–1092) and in Málaga (1229, questionable).

After the Dhun Nunids ruled Toledo between 852 and 930 , but had to submit to the Umayyads again, they won again during the power struggles in the Caliphate of Cordoba at the beginning of the 11th century under Ismail az-Zafir (1028-1043) their independence (see also: Taifa kingdoms ). Initially, Toledo was involved in bitter fighting with the Hudids of Saragossa, who paid Castile for incursions into Toledo, whereupon Toledo paid Navarre in return for attacks on Saragossa.

His successors Yahya I. al-Mamun (1043-1075) and Yahya II. Al-Qadir (1075-1092) even extended the rule to Valencia at times (1065-1076). Although the Jahwarids were overthrown in Córdoba in 1069 , the Dhun Nunids lost this conquest to the Abbadids of Seville as early as 1070 . In 1079–81 the Aftasids of Badajoz drove the Dhun-Nunid Yahya II from Toledo itself, but the overthrown emir was able to return with Castilian help.

Even if the Dhun Nunids ruled one of the greatest Taifa kingdoms , they were too weak to assert themselves against Christian Castile . So they had to recognize its supremacy and pay tribute. After Madrid had fallen in 1083 , Alfonso VI conquered . of Castile 1085 Toledo. In 1085, as in 1080, the Dhun Nunids only ruled Cuenca. The again overthrown Yahyia II was helped in 1086 to compensate for the conquest of Valencia. Yahya II was murdered there by rebels friendly to the Almoravids as early as 1092. After their execution , Valencia came under the rule of El Cid in 1094 .

The fall of Toledos had triggered a counter-offensive by the Almoravids and with it Moroccan rule over Andalusia. After the conquest of Toledo by Castile, the city became the center for the translation of Arabic works into Latin. As a result, many texts from ancient Greece that were lost in the West were made accessible again in Europe .

After the fall of the Almohads in 1229, an emir who claimed to be descended from the Dhun Nunids seized power in Malaga, but was ousted in 1239 by the Nasrids of Granada .

literature

• Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .