Thick jaw spiders (genus)

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Thick jaw spiders
Great pachyderm spider ( Pachygnatha clercki ), female
Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida) Order : Spiders (Araneae) Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae) Partial order : Entelegynae Family : Extender spiders (Tetragnathidae) Genre : Thick jaw spiders
Scientific name
Pachygnatha
Sundevall , 1823

The thick jaw spiders or actual jaw spiders ( Pachygnatha ) form a genus of weaving spiders within the family of the extensor spiders (Tetragnathidae), which are sometimes also referred to as thick jaw spiders . The species of the genus, which are widespread worldwide with the exception of the polar regions, are particularly noteworthy for their remarkable hybrid way of life.

description

The thick-jaw spiders correspond to that of other extensor spiders in terms of their basic physique, but have an oval-shaped prosoma (front body) that is truncated in the front area , the surface of which is hairless and usually shiny. The thick jaw spiders, like the majority of spiders, have eight eyes. Four of them are arranged in the middle and the other two pairs of eyes are offset slightly to the rear. The strong chelicerae (jaw claws), which are particularly enlarged in the males, are striking. In contrast to that of other extensor spiders, the sternum (breast plate of the prosoma) is not smooth, but has very small indentations. The opisthosoma (abdomen) is also oval as the Prosoma, but elongated.

The types of thick jaw spiders can be colored quite variably.

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 46 species for the genus Pachygnatha . (As of December 2018)

• Pachygnatha africana beach , 1906 - Ethiopia
• Pachygnatha amurensis Beach , 1907 - Russia
• Pachygnatha atromarginata Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha autumnalis Marx , 1884 - USA, Canada, Cuba
• Pachygnatha bispiralis Nzigidahera & Jocqué , 2014 - Burundi
• Pachygnatha bonneti Senglet , 1973 - Spain
• Pachygnatha brevis Keyserling , 1884 - USA, Canada
• Pachygnatha calusa Levi , 1980 - USA
• Pachygnatha clercki ( Sundevall , 1823) - Holoarctic
• Pachygnatha clerckoides Wunderlich , 1985 - Bulgaria, Macedonia
• Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall , 1830
  • Pachygnatha degeeri degeeri Sundevall , 1830 - Palearctic
  • Pachygnatha degeeri dysdericolor Jocqué , 1977 - Morocco
• Pachygnatha dorothea McCook , 1894 - USA, Canada
• Pachygnatha fengzhen Zhu, Song & Zhang , 2003 - China
• Pachygnatha furcillata Keyserling , 1884 - USA
• Pachygnatha goedeli Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha hexatracheata Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha intermedia Nzigidahera & Jocqué , 2014 - Burundi
• Pachygnatha jansseni Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha kiwuana beach , 1913 - Congo
• Pachygnatha leleupi Lawrence , 1952 - Cameroon, Congo, Malawi, Zimbabwe
• Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall , 1830 - Palearctic
• Pachygnatha longipes Simon , 1894 - Madagascar
• Pachygnatha monticola Baba & Tanikawa , 2018 - Japan
• Pachygnatha mucronata Tullgren , 1910
  • Pachygnatha mucronata comorana Schmidt & Krause , 1993 - Comoros
  • Pachygnatha mucronata mucronata Schmidt & Krause , 1993 - East Africa
• Pachygnatha ochongipina Barrion & Litsinger , 1995 - Philippines
• Pachygnatha okuensis Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha opdeweerdtae Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon
• Pachygnatha palmquisti Tullgren , 1910 - Kenya, Tanzania
• Pachygnatha procincta Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon, Kenya
• Pachygnatha quadrimaculata ( Bösenberg & Strand , 1906) - Russia, China, Korea, Japan
• Pachygnatha rotunda Saito , 1939 - Japan
• Pachygnatha Rwanda Beach , 1913 - Rwanda
• Pachygnatha silentvalliensis Biswas & Roy , 2004 - India
• Pachygnatha simoni Senglet , 1973 - Spain
• Pachygnatha sundevalli Senglet , 1973 - Portugal, Spain
• Pachygnatha tenera Karsch , 1879 - China, Korea, Japan
• Pachygnatha terilis Thaler , 1991 - Switzerland, Austria, Italy
• Pachygnatha tristriata C. L. Koch , 1845 - USA, Canada
• Pachygnatha tullgreni Senglet , 1973 - Portugal
• Pachygnatha ventricosa Nzigidahera & Jocqué , 2014 - Burundi
• Pachygnatha vorax Thorell , 1895 - Myanmar
• Pachygnatha xanthostoma C. L. Koch , 1845 - USA, Canada
• Pachygnatha zappa Bosmans & Bosselaers , 1994 - Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa
• Pachygnatha zhui Zhu, Song & Zhang , 2003 - China

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Pachygnatha (Sundevall, 1823) at the Wiki der Arachnologische Gesellschaft e. V., accessed on June 20, 2020.
2. ^ Michael John Roberts: The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2: Linyphiidae and check list. Brill Archive, Leiden 1985, ISBN 90-04-07667-0 , pp. 198-199.
3. ↑ Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 19.5 - Pachygnatha . Retrieved December 27, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Pachygnatha  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Thick jaw spiders (genus) in the World Spider Catalog