Type-token relation
The type-token ratio (also: type-token-ratio, TTR, diversification quotient ) is in quantitative linguistics as well as in quantitative stylistics a measure of the degree of complexity in the vocabulary of a text.
Procedure
The basis for this is the distinction between the words of a text in "token" (every single word form occurring) and "type" (set of word forms occurring which belong to a certain word / lexeme ). From these two concepts ( token and type ), after counting a text, the "type-token relation" can be formed - i.e. the relation between the total number of words in the text and the number of different words - and can be used to assess the wealth of vocabulary . It can also be demonstrated that the type-token relation in texts unfolds a regular dynamic. The relationship between the length of the text and the volume of vocabulary is also subject to a language law. Furthermore, in contrast to distance language, the local language discourse has a low type-token relationship, which is evidenced by frequent word iterations.
The idea of forming a relation between every single occurrence (token) of a unit and the number of different units (types) can also be transferred to other language levels, as Koehler shows in several works on syntax.
MTLD
MTLD ( measure of textual lexical diversity ) is a language-independent method that provides a much more valid value for the lexical variance of a text than is possible with the common standardized and non-standardized type-token ratios, as a special form of text factorization the dependence of the results on the absolute text length is eliminated. The higher the value, the greater the vocabulary variance.
covers
The term “diversification quotient” also appears in the text “Der Sprachtest” by Felix Mitterer .
Individual evidence
literature
- Karl-Heinz Best : On the growth and scope of vocabulary in texts . In: Naukovyj Visnyk Černivec'koho Universytetu: Hermans'ka filolohija. Vypusk 206-207, 2004, pp. 31-43.
- Reinhard Köhler : On the growth dynamics (Type-Token-Ratio) of syntactic functions in texts. In: Sebastian Kempgen, Ulrich Schweier, Tilman Berger (eds.): Rusistika - Slavistica - Lingvistika. Festschrift for Werner Lehfeldt on his 60th birthday. Sagner, Munich 2003. pp. 498-504.
- McCarthy, PM (2005): An assessment of the range and usefulness of lexical diversity measures and the potential of the measure of textual, lexical diversity (MTLD) [microfiche]. University of Memphis: Doctoral dissertation
- Alexander Mehler: Properties of the textual units and systems. In: Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, Gabriel, Rajmund G. Piotrowski (eds.): Quantitative Linguistics - Quantitative Linguistics. An international manual . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005. pp. 325-348; Quantitative silistics: pp. 339-340 ISBN 3-11-015578-8
- Gejza Wimmer: The type-token-relation . In: Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, Rajmund G. Piotrowski (eds.): Quantitative Linguistics - Quantitative Linguistics. An international manual . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005. pp. 325-348; Quantitative stylistics: pp. 361–368 ISBN 3-11-015578-8
- Gejza Wimmer, Gabriel Altmann : Review Article: On Vocabulary Richness. In: Journal od Quantitative Linguistics 6, 1999, 1-9.
- Relja Vulanović, Reinhard Köhler: Syntactic units and structures. In: Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, Gabriel, Rajmund G. Piotrowski (eds.): Quantitative Linguistics - Quantitative Linguistics. An international manual . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005. pp. 325-348; Quantitative stylistics: pp. 274–291. Bes. Pp. 284-286. ISBN 3-11-015578-8
Web links
- Rainer Perkuhn, Holger Keibel, Marc Kupietz: "Lexical Diversity" (PDF; 126 kB) - advantages and disadvantages of TTR, STTR and MTLD
- Tulip L2 - Computer-aided language level analysis in second language acquisition - Implementation of the profile analysis according to Grießhaber and Clahsen including other indicators such as TTR, STTR, MTLD etc.