Dryosauridae
| Dryosauridae | ||||||||||
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Skeleton reconstruction of Dysalotosaurus in the Berlin Museum of Natural History , a representative from the Upper Jura of Africa |
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||
| Upper Jurassic ( Oxfordian ) to Lower Cretaceous ( Aptian ) | ||||||||||
| 163.5 to 112.9 million years | ||||||||||
| Locations | ||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Dryosauridae | ||||||||||
| Milner & Norman , 1984 | ||||||||||
The Dryosauridae are a group of ornithopod dinosaurs that have been fossilized from the beginning of the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous ( Aptium ).
The group consists of medium-sized herbivores, which reached about two to four meters in length. They were lightly built animals with long legs and relatively short arms, adapted for walking. They thus resemble more basal Euornithopoda such as Hypsilophodon ; later, more derived ornithopods such as the Hadrosauridae ("duck-billed dinosaurs") were, however, larger and clearly more robust. The dryosaurids can be distinguished from other groups by the skeleton of their feet. The feet were relatively slim, with the first toe (hallux) missing completely.
In 1984 the Dryosauridae family was established; to this day it is considered to be the most basic (most original) family of the Iguanodontia .
Paul Sereno came up with the first exact definition in 1998: According to that definition, the Dryosauridae include all taxa that are more closely related to Dryosaurus than to Parasaurolophus . Within the Iguandontia they belong to the Dryomorpha ; within this they form the sister taxon to the ankylopollexia .
The oldest genera, which were clearly assigned to the Dryosauridae, come from the rocks of the Kimmeridgian (approx. 155 million years old) of Africa and North America ( Dryosaurus and Dysalotosaurus ). The youngest representative Elrhazosaurus comes from the African Aptium (about 112 million years old). Possibly Callovosaurus is , as in 2007 by José Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. suggested also a representative of the Dryosauridae; then the oldest member of this family would be around 163 million years old.
The Barrett et al. from 2011 and according to Escaso et al. from 2014 represents a relationship hypothesis:
| Dryosauridae |
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- ↑ a b Michael K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr. , James O. Farlow: The Complete Dinosaur. 2nd edition. Bloomington & Indianapolis Press, Bloomington IN 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4 .
- ^ A b David B. Weishampel , Peter Dodson , Halszka Osmólska (eds.): The Dinosauria . 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2 .
- ↑ Andrew R. Milner, David B. Norman : The biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria: Ornithischia) - a cladistic-vicariance model. In: Wolf-Ernst Reif , Frank Westphal (Ed.): Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Short papers. Attempto Verlag, Tübingen 1984, ISBN 3-921552-50-8 , pp. 145-150.
- ^ Paul C. Sereno : A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. In: New Yearbook for Geology and Paleontology. Treatises. Vol. 210, No. 1, 1998, ISSN 0077-7749 , pp. 41-83.
- ↑ José Ignacio Ruiz-Omeñaca, Xabier Pereda Suberbiola, Peter M. Galton : Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. In: Kenneth Carpenter (Ed.): Horns and Beaks. Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN 2007, ISBN 978-0-253-34817-3 , pp. 3-16.
- ^ Paul M. Barrett , Richard J. Butler, Richard J. Twitchett, Stephen Hutt: New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. In: Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 86, 2011, ISSN 0038-6804 , pp. 131-163.
- ↑ Fernando Escaso, Francisco Ortega, Pedro Dantas, Elisabete Malafaia, Bruno Silva, José M. Gasulla, Pedro Mocho, Iván Narváez, José L. Sanz: A New dryosaurid Ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 34, No. 5, 2014, ISSN 0272-4634 , pp. 1102–1112, doi : 10.1080 / 02724634.2014.849715 .
