Durrīya Shafīq

Doria Shafik

Durrīya Schafīq , also Doria Ragai Shafik ( Arabic درية شفيق, DMG Durrīya Šafīq ; born on December 14, 1908 in Ṭanṭā ; died in Cairo in September 1975 ), was an Egyptian journalist and feminist who fought for women's suffrage. She founded the Bint an Nīl Union ("Daughter of the Nile"), the first women's rights organization in Egypt and the Middle East.

Live and act

Durrīya Schafīq received a Western education at a French mission school and a Catholic secondary school in Alexandria . At the age of 19 she won a scholarship for an essay on the social reformer Qasim Amin , which allowed her to study philosophy in Paris . She was the first Egyptian to do her doctorate at the Sorbonne in Paris with a thesis on women and religious law in Egypt . In Paris she married a cousin. After returning to Egypt in 1940, she taught at Cairo University for several years , but was refused a professorship in philosophy. Shafīq turned to journalism. From 1945 she published various women's magazines: La Femme Nouvelle (German: The New Woman) and, in Arabic, The Modern Woman and The Daughters of the Nile , which was particularly popular with female students.

In the course of the growing women's movement in Egypt , she founded the women's rights organization Bint an-Nīl in 1948 , the aim of which was the active and passive right to vote for women , political equality for women, the abolition of polygamy and a change in the divorce procedure.

After the revolution by Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1952, he first put together a committee for the drafting of a constitution in which no women sat. Only after a group of women around Shafiq went on a hunger strike did Nasser agree to take their demands for women's rights into account.

The last protest action of the women's rights activist in the form of a hunger strike was directed against the Israeli occupation during the Suez crisis and the emergence of a dictatorship in Egypt. She was denounced by Shafeeq's opponents within the women's movement. In the new Egypt there was no place for Shafeeq's advocacy of individual freedom and secular liberalism: your organization and the magazine The Daughters of the Nile were banned in 1957 and Durriya Shafeq was placed under house arrest for 18 years. Nasser had her name removed from the history books. In 1975 she threw herself out of her apartment on the sixth floor of her Cairo apartment and died.

In 2013, the Egyptian Ministry of Education , which is dominated by the Muslim Brotherhood , had Durrīya Schafīq deleted from its school books for 2013/14. According to the Egyptian-born Islamic scholar Sarah Eltantawi ( Taz ), the Ministry's advisor for philosophy and national education, Mohamed Sherif, gave the reason “that she is not wearing a hijab ”.

Publications

• as Doria Ragai (Shafik): L'art pour l'art dans l'Égypte antique , Faculté des lettres de Paris. Geuthner, Paris 1940, OCLC 892220456 (Dissertation (Thesis doctoral), Universite de Paris, Faculté des Lettres, 1940, XX, 195 pages, 1 photo: il. (Algunes col.) "Avec 1 planche en couleurs et 94 planches en noir ").
• Durrīyah Shafīq (ed.): Art copte , special issue: Numéro d'été 1951 by: La Femme Nouvelle , La Femme Nouvelle, Le Caire ( Kairo ) 1951, OCLC 84003472 (78 pages, illustrated, partly in color).

literature

• Doria Shafik , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 41/2000 from October 2, 2000, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
• Cynthia Nelson : Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist. A Woman Apart , The American University in Cairo Press 1996, ISBN 978-977-424-413-1 ; University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL 1996, ISBN 0-8130-1455-7 .
• Shafiq, Durriyah , in: June Hannam, Mitzi Auchterlonie, Katherine Holden: International encyclopedia of women's suffrage . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2000, ISBN 1-57607-064-6 , p. 269

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} H. L. Kaster: From the Harem to Politics , DIE ZEIT, January 19, 1950 No. 03, online
2. ^ Durriyyah Shafīq, Encyclopedia Britannica
3. ↑ Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, Henry Louis Gates (Ed.): Dictionary of African Biography , Oxford University Press 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5 , pp. 346f.
4. ↑ Doria Shafik, in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 41/2000 of October 2, 2000, in the Munzinger archive
5. ^ Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 409.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 410.
7. ↑ Cynthia Nelson: Biography and Women's History: On Interpreting Doria Shafik. In: Niki R. Keddie, Beth Baron: Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender. New Haven Conn., Yale University Press 1991, p. 312, quoted in Jad Adams: Women and the Vote. A world history. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870684-7 , page 410.
8. ↑ Sarah Eltantawi: Heroines will be deleted , Taz January 18, 2013
9. ↑ Summer issue 1951 , a special issue of the Egyptian magazine Neue Frau , content: Editorial (editing) by Doria Shafik, Introduction à l'art copte (Introduction to Coptic Art) by Etienne Drioton , La femme dans l'art copte (The woman in of Coptic art) by Eric de Nemès , Ce qui reste des mythes anciens (What remains of the ancient myths) by Hilde Zaloscer , Les bijoux (jewelry) by M. Hammad , Les vêtements (clothing) by Marianne Doresse , Les tissus (fabrics ) by Alexandre Badawy , La sculpture (sculpture), by [various authors], Architecture copte (Coptic architecture) by Alexander Badawy , Les métaux (metals), by Pahor Labi , Manuscrits coptes (Coptic manuscripts) by Jean Doresse , L'iconographie copte (Coptic Iconography) by Alexandre Piankoff , L'art en Ethiopie (Art in Ethiopia) by Mourad Kamel , Un quartier copte du Vieux-Caire (A Coptic Quarter in Old Cairo) by Albert Hourani .