Hilde Zaloscer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hilde Zaloscer (also Hilde Zaloszer ) (born December 10, 1903 in Tuzla , Bosnia ; died December 20, 1999 in Vienna ) was an Austrian art historian and Coptologist who published mainly on Coptic art .

Life

Hilde Zaloscer grew up in the family of the lawyer Jacob Zaloscer and his wife Bertha, née Kallach, in Banja Luka , which was in Bosnia , which had been administered by Austria-Hungary since 1876 and occupied in 1908 . Since her father belonged to the Austrian upper class and was a judge at war during the First World War, he was no longer able to enter the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918 , his wife and three daughters were expropriated and expelled. Zaloscer finished her school education in Vienna , lived with the family at Hamerlingplatz until 1927 and studied art history and early history at the University of Vienna from 1921 . It was in 1927 when Josef Strzygowski with the dissertation The early medieval Dreistreifenornamentik the Mediterranean border areas with special emphasis on the monuments in the Balkans in the second trial doctorate . The assessment of the dissertation by Strzygowski, which Carl Patsch also joined, was extremely negative. After that, she found no permanent job as a woman and a Jew in Vienna. From 1927 to 1936 she was editor of the art magazine Belvedere of Amalthea Verlag .

In 1936 she went to Alexandria to work as a housemaid to an Egyptian doctor . She gave up this work after six months and was able to succeed in the Levantine upper class with literary lectures. The Egyptologist Étienne Drioton from the Egyptian Antiquities Administration gave her the job of writing a “Cairo tourist guide”. She published a number of smaller works on Coptic monuments, which first attracted international attention. In order to escape the internment camp as an enemy alien after the beginning of the Second World War , she entered into a marriage of convenience with a Muslim Egyptian in 1939 , took the name Samira Shukri and acquired Egyptian citizenship.

When she returned to Vienna after the end of National Socialism in order to find a scientific job there, her childhood friend Fritz Novotny described this as hopeless, since the Minister of Education Felix Hurdes was an anti-Semite. In 1947 Tāhā Husain made sure that she was appointed professor of art history at the University of Alexandria . There she conducted research under the restricted conditions of a university in an underdeveloped country without sufficient scientific literature on Coptic art and published in French and English. After the Egyptian defeat in the Six Day War in 1967, the foreigners were persecuted in Egypt and Samira Shukri alias Hilde Zaloscer only managed to get an exit visa and to leave Egypt without money, 33 years after she had entered the country.

In Vienna she again found no job under Education Minister Heinrich Drimmel and fell into a severe depression because of the hopelessness of her situation. In 1968, the art historian Meyer Schapiro arranged for her to hold a temporary visiting professorship in art history at Carleton University in Ottawa , which was then extended twice. At the age of seventy she came back to Vienna and from 1975 to 1978 was a lecturer at the Art History Institute of the University of Vienna. In 1987 she was invited to work on the Encyclopedia Coptica . She now lived in Vienna again, but did not feel at home there and saw herself as " Tschuschin ".

Her sister Erna Sailer was married to the journalist Karl Hans Sailer and was Austrian ambassador to India from 1971 to 1974.

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • The early medieval three-strolling drama of the Mediterranean areas with special consideration of the monuments on the Balkans . Dissertation Vienna 1926 (unprinted; Vienna University Library call number D-859)
  • Quelques considérations sur les rapports entre l'art Copte et les Indes (= Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte . Supplement 6). Cairo 1947
  • Une collection de pierres sculptées au Musée copte du Vieux-Caire (Collection Abbàs el-Arabi) . Cairo 1948
  • Le "Doctor Faustus" by Thomas Mann et ses models . In Revue du Caire 160, 160, 1953, pp. 384-404.
  • Survivance and migration . In: Mélanges islamologiques 1, 1954, pp. 81-93.
  • La femme au voile dans l'iconographie copte . In: Bulletin de la Faculté des Arts de l'Universite d'Alexandrie 9, 1955, pp. 69-77
  • The antithetics in the work of Thomas Mann . In: Bulletin de la Faculté des Arts de l'Universite d'Alexandrie 13, 1959, pp. 47-96.
  • Portraits from the desert sand. The mummy portraits from the Fayum oasis . Schroll, Vienna 1961
  • Egyptian knitting . Hallwag, Bern 1962
  • From mummy portrait to icon . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1969
  • The art in Christian Egypt . Schroll, Vienna and Munich 1974, ISBN 3-7031-0384-1
  • The Scream. Sign of an era. The expressionist century. Fine arts, poetry and prose, theater . Brandtstätter, Vienna 1985
  • The three times exile . In: Displaced Reason. Emigration and exile of Austrian science. 1. 1930-1940 . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1987, pp. 544-572, ISBN 978-3-8258-7372-1 (2nd edition LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004).
  • Art history and National Socialism . In: Friedrich Stadler (Ed.): Continuity and Break 1938–1945–1955. Contributions to Austrian culture and science . Vienna, Munich 1988, pp. 283-298
  • There is no homecoming. An Austrian curriculum vitae . Löcker, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-85409-129-X ( memoirs ).
  • On the genesis of Coptic art. Iconographic contributions . Böhlau, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-205-05398-2 (= collected small writings)
  • Visual evocation, autonomous work of art, ideograph. A clarification of terms . Böhlau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-205-98686-5

exhibition

  • Tracked. Engaged. Married. Marriage of convenience into exile. May to October 2018, Jewish Museum Vienna, Judenplatz location, curators Sabine Bergler, Irene Messinger (therein: Hilde Zaloscer); your Egyptian passport photo from 1957 here
    • Catalog: same title, ed. like curators, publisher like exhibitors ISBN 3901398856

literature

  • Ulrike Wendland: Biographical handbook of German-speaking art historians in exile. Life and work of the scientists persecuted and expelled under National Socialism. Part 2: L – Z. Saur, Munich 1999 ISBN 3-598-11339-0 pp. 804-806
  • Martin Dennert: Hilde Zaloscer . In: Stefan Heid, Martin Dennert (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon for Christian Archeology. Researchers and personalities from the 16th to the 21st century. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012 ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0 Vol. 2, pp. 1339-1340 (with list of publications and other literature).
  • Alisa Douer : Hilde Zaloscer - a biography . In: Margit Franz, Heimo Halbrainer (Ed.): Going East - Going South. Austrian exile in Asia and Africa . Clio, Graz 2014 ISBN 978-3-902542-34-2 p. 177ff.
  • Edith Leisch-Prost: Zaloscer, Hilde. In: Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-205-99467-1 , pp. 826–829.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Hilde Zaloscer: The three times exile . In: Displaced Reason. Emigration and exile of Austrian science. 1. 1930-1940 . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1987, pp. 544-572.
  2. ^ University archive Vienna RA PH 9442 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Martin Dennert: Hilde Zaloscer , 2012, pp. 1339f
  4. ↑ a b c d e Hilde Zaloscer: Scientific work without scientific apparatus . In: Displaced Reason. Emigration and exile of Austrian science. 2nd International Symposium, October 19-23, 1987 in Vienna . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1988, pp. 634–644
  5. ↑ Irene Messinger: Protective and sham marriages in Egypt, a country of exile . In: Margit Franz, Heimo Halbrainer (Ed.): Going East - Going South. Austrian exile in Asia and Africa . Clio, Graz 2014 ISBN 978-3-902542-34-2 pp. 169–171 ( digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Zaloscer, Hilde
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zaloscer, Hildegard; Zaloscher, Hilde; Sloczower, Hilde; Samira Shukri (married name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian art historian and coptologist
DATE OF BIRTH December 10, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Tuzla , Bosnia
DATE OF DEATH December 20, 1999
Place of death Vienna