Josef Strzygowski

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Josef Strzygowski (around 1910)

Josef Strzygowski (born March 7, 1862 in Biała , Galicia , † January 2, 1941 in Vienna ) was a Polish-Austrian art historian and founder of comparative art research.

life and work

Strzygowski came from a family of textile entrepreneurs in the Bielitz-Bialaer Sprachinsel and studied classical archeology and art history at the universities in Vienna and Berlin . In 1885 he was awarded a Dr. med. At the University of Munich with a thesis on the "Iconography of the Baptism of Christ". phil. PhD. His habilitation thesis , presented in Vienna in 1887, deals with the Byzantine influence on the work of the painter Cimabue . From 1892 he was professor of art history at the University of Graz . In 1904 he was appointed councilor . From 1909 until his retirement in 1933 he headed the “1. Art History Institute of the University of Vienna. ”In 1933 he founded the Society for Comparative Art Research in Vienna .

Strzygowski advocated the thesis that Indo-European and Asian art form the basis for Western culture, especially late antique and medieval principles of form, and thus contributed to the expansion of art-historical research. In his two-volume work The Architecture of the Armenians and Europe from 1918, he approved of the Armenians an “Aryan artistic creation” and regarded them as the intermediaries through which Persian art had come to Western Europe. For his attempt to derive medieval European architecture from Armenia, he had to date the development of Armenian church building types with the help of dubious sources much earlier than according to today's doctrine. In this context, there is also his endeavor to date the Mshatta façade (mid-8th century) , which came from the Syrian Desert to Berlin in 1903, to the 4th to 6th centuries and to relate it to the Mesopotamian city of Seleukia-Ctesiphon by comparing styles . He attributed a key role to Mshatta in the transition from Babylonian-Persian to Germanic art.

His statements were later influenced by racist ideas, which can also be seen in the titles of his publications. During the time of National Socialism, he published books such as Rise of the North or The Indo-European Ahnenerbe des German people and the art history of the future .

After the end of the Second World War, Strzygowski's writings became Nordic saviors and visual arts. An apparition of salvation distorted by Christianity and the Church (1939), Die deutsche Nordseele. The confession of an art researcher (1940), the Indo-European ancestral heritage of the German people and the art history of the future (1941) and Europe's power art within the framework of the world. A fundamental argument about the nature and development of the ten thousand year madness. Violence by the grace of God instead of folk order (1943) placed on the list of literature to be segregated in the Soviet occupation zone .

In his work, the preservation of Finnish is wooden church Petäjävesi today UNESCO - World Heritage Site back.

His well-known students include the museologist Alma Wittlin and Max Eisler .

Honorary events (selection)

Bibliography (selection)

see Alfred Karasek -Langer: Directory of the writings by Josef Strzygowski , Klagenfurt 1933. [incomplete until 1933]

  • Iconography of the baptism of Christ. Munich 1885.
  • Cimabue and Rome. Vienna 1888.
  • Orient or Rome? Leipzig 1901 ( online ).
  • Asia Minor. New territory in art history. Leipzig 1903.
  • The visual arts of the present. A book for everyone. Leipzig 1907.
  • Little Armenian miniature painting. The miniatures of the Tübingen Gospels MA XIII, 1 from the year 1113 and 893 AD Tübingen 1907.
  • The architecture of the Armenians and Europe, Vols. I-II. Vienna 1918 ( Volume 1 and Volume 2 at Internet Archive)
  • Origin of Christian church art. Leipzig 1920.
  • The landscape in Nordic art . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1922 (Volume 17 of the Library of Art History ).
  • The position of Islam on the spiritual structure of Europe. Åbo 1922.
  • The Humanities Crisis. Demonstrated using the example of research on the fine arts. A general framework experiment. Vienna 1923.
  • Research and education. The rebuilding of the university as the basis of all school improvements to the methods of research on fine arts is discussed. Stuttgart 1928.
  • Old Slavic art. An attempt to prove it, Augsburg 1929.
  • Samples of Asia's fine arts, their essence and development. One try. (Work of the 1. Kunsthist. Inst. Of the University of Vienna, vol. 45.) Augsburg 1930.
  • Rise of the north. A natural scientist's struggle for a German worldview. (Contributions to comparative art research 12) Leipzig 1936.
  • Traces of Indo-European belief in the fine arts. Heidelberg 1936.
  • Dawn and pagan work in Christian art. Berlin 1937.
  • Dürer and the Nordic Grove of Destiny. An introduction to forgotten meanings. Heidelberg 1937.
  • Spiritual repentance. Indo-European contemporary forays by an art researcher. 1938.
  • Nordic savior and fine arts. A salvation phenomenon distorted by Christianity and the Church. With five appendices about the art of the Germanic migration within Eurasia and about the present. Vienna 1939.
  • The German North Soul. The confession of an art scholar. Vienna-Leipzig 1940.
  • The Indo-European ancestral heritage of the German people and the art history of the future. Research on fine arts as educators. A martial arts script. Vienna 1941.
  • Europe's power art within the framework of the earth. A fundamental argument about the nature and development of the ten thousand year madness. Violent power by God's grace instead of folk order, church instead of faith, education instead of talent, from the northern point of view systematically adjusted to the ethnic German movement . 3rd edition expanded to include the subject index - Wiener Verlag, Vienna 1943. Reprint: Verlag der Manufactur, Horn-Bad Meinberg 1999 ISBN 9783880809772

literature

  • Ernst Diez : On Strzygowski's criticism. In: Art of the Orient , Volume 4, Franz Steiner Verlag, May 1963, pp. 98-109
  • Ulrich Bock: Armenian architecture. History and problems of their research. (25th publication of the architecture department of the Art History Institute of the University of Cologne) Cologne 1983
  • Hans Jürgen Sproß: Alois Riegl and Josef Strzygowski's conception of nature . Saarbrücken 1989 (Saarbrücken, Univ., Diss., 1989).
  • Eva Frodl-Kraft : An aporia and the attempt to interpret it. Josef Strzygowski - Julius von Schlosser. In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte. 42, 1989, ISSN  0083-9981 , pp. 7-52, 255-258.
  • Piotr O. Scholz: Wanderer between the worlds. Josef Strzygowski and his still topical question: Orient or Rome. In: Walter Höflechner , Götz Pochat (ed.): 100 years of art history at the University of Graz. With an outlook on the history of the subject at German-speaking Austrian universities up to 1938. Akademische Druck- und Verlags-Anstalt, Graz 1992, ISBN 3-201-01585-7 , pp. 243-265 ( publications from the archive of University of Graz 26).
  • Christina Maranci: Armenian architecture as Aryan architecture: the role of Indo-European studies in the theories of Josef Strzygowski. In: Visual Resources. 13, 1998, ISSN  0197-3762 , pp. 363-380.
  • Piotr O. Scholz: J. Strzygowski's “The Crisis of the Humanities” - 60 years later. In: Nubica et Aethiopica. 4/5, 1999, ISSN  0939-4672 , pp. 39-58
  • Christina Maranci: Medieval Armenian Architecture. Constructions of Race and Nation. Peeters, Leuven et al. 2001, ISBN 90-429-0939-0 ( Hebrew University Armenian Studies 2).
  • Christina Maranci: The Historiography of Armenian Architecture: Josef Strzygowski, Austria, and Armenia. In: Revue des Études Arméniennes. 28, 2001-2002, ISSN  0080-2549 , pp. 287-307.
  • Jaś Elsner : The Birth of Late Antiquity: Riegl and Strzygowski in 1901. In: Art History. 25, 2002, ISSN  0141-6790 , pp. 358-379, 419-420.
  • Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 602.
  • Johann Konrad Eberlein : Josef Strzygowski. Thoughts on the timelessness of a type. In: Lukas Madersbacher, Thomas Steppan (eds.): De re artificiosa. Festschrift for Paul von Naredi-Rainer on his 60th birthday. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2392-6 , pp. 81-93.
  • Alexander Zäh, Josef Strzygowski as initiator of Christian art-historical research on the Orient and visionary of art history, with contributions by Helmut Buschhausen and Christina Maranci, Roman quarterly journal for Christian antiquity (RQ) 107.2 (2012) pp. 105-148.
  • Strzygowski, Josef the Elder J. (1862–1941), art historian. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010,ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5, p. 434 f. (Direct links on p. 434 , p. 435 ).
  • Festschrift: Josef Strzygowski - 70 years , Katowice 1932
  • Festschrift: Bred by his students for his 70th birthday , Klagenfurt 1932
  • Gabriele Mietke u. a .: Josef Strzygowski and the Berlin museums , Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-89500-927-3
  • Piotr Otto Scholz, Magdalena Anna Dlugosz (eds.): Josef Strzygowski and the arts: files from the international scientific conferences on the 150th birthday of Josef Strzygowski in Bielsko-Biala, 29–31. March 2012. (Dept. of Comparative Art History at the Institute for Cultural Studies at the Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and Vienna, October 30, 2012) Ibera, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3850523431
  • Heinz Schödl: Josef Strzygowski - To the development of his thinking . Dissertation, University of Vienna 2011 (pdf online)

Web links

Commons : Josef Strzygowski  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bruno Schulz , Josef Strzygowski: Mschatta. Report on the photo of the ruins by Bruno Schulz and an art-historical study by Josef Strzygowski. In: Yearbook of the Royal Prussian Art Collections, Volume 25, 4th Issue, 1904, pp. 205–373
  2. ^ Suzanne L. Marchand: The Rhetoric of Artifacts and the Decline of Classical Humanism: The Case of Josef Strzygowski. In: History and Theory, 33, No. 4, 1994, pp. 106-130, here p. 124.
  3. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-s.html
  4. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1947-nslit-s.html
personal data
SURNAME Strzygowski, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian art historian
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Biała , Galicia
DATE OF DEATH January 2, 1941
Place of death Vienna