Dynamic warehousing

Dynamic storage is a method of storage and offers an alternative to the fixed place system .

According to Gabler, this is a principle of storage in which a part to be stored does not have a fixed storage location, but is stored in any location that is currently not in use.

The fairground system and chaotic storage can - depending on the article or product group - also be used mixed and combined.

etymology

Storage is also known under other names: chaotic storage , chaotic storage , flexible storage ; but also free space system .

Another pair of terms used to differentiate between the two storage bin principles is the distinction between free storage bin allocation (chaotic storage) and fixed storage bin allocation (ordered storage bin).

In contrast to the magazine principle of the fixed place system, the chaotic system is also called the localization principle .

properties

advantages

The following are considered to be the basic advantages over the fixed place system:

Better use of the storage area:
As the unoccupied spaces are available for all goods to be stored, this - in contrast to the fixed space system - leads to better utilization of the storage capacity and thus optimizes the use of the storage area. With the fixed place system - if articles are sold out - free places for other articles remain blocked; the space saved by the free space system is considered noteworthy.
Problem-free storage of new parts and implementation of assortment changes:
in a fixed location system, B. in the case of unplanned storage, by rearranging only new fixed storage locations with vacancies created or old storage locations are dissolved in order to maintain the system and to be able to accommodate these parts.
Employees do not need storage knowledge about fixed storage locations, as the computer-aided storage documents specify this. This shortens the training phase for new staff. However, some also see the advantage of the fairground system here; Accordingly, the employees deployed there are familiar with the storage locations in a short time.
Compensation for
aisle disruptions : If it is no longer possible to move to a high bay aisle - for example due to the failure of a rack conveyor - then the probability is high that all articles will still be available - albeit in reduced quantities. In the fixed location system, on the other hand, there can quickly be a complete failure when picking an item if the disturbed aisle is its only fixed storage location.
The rotation of goods and their changes can be taken into account when allocating space. (see also chapter: mixed concepts ), thereby the routes - and thus the storage and retrieval times - are optimized, since fast moving articles can be stored in free spaces near the warehouse exits.

disadvantage

The basic disadvantages of this system are:

Compulsory use of an IT system for warehouse management. (In addition, fully automated warehouse management is now a feature of chaotic warehousing .)
Possibility of complete storage failure in the event of IT problems, as manual retrieval and storage is usually hardly possible.
If the current inventory data is lost, it can only be re-determined with great effort by completely re-indexing all storage locations, for example by completely emptying the warehouse and re-storing all stored goods.
Undetected incorrect storage:
the warehouse staff can no longer visually detect from the storage location that an erroneous storage is being carried out, or whether a stored part is in a location that corresponds to the storage list, as surrounding storage location occupancies hardly any conclusions about it give correct storage. Such incorrect storage cannot be detected by the EDP system without the use of additional technology.
Short validity of the storage list:
Due to the changing occupancy of the spaces, a storage list becomes obsolete faster than in the fixed space system. The use of printed stock reports as a working basis is therefore hardly possible any more.
This type of storage is not suitable for every storage requirement.
For hazardous materials to be stored , the freedoms of the chaotic warehouse organization are limited - in particular by the obligations for prohibitions on storage together and minimum distances. Articles are then stored in special warehouses if required, based on their properties . As a method for organizing Theater - Museum - or library magazines is Chaotic storage so far because of the diversity of formats only of limited applicability.

practice

Localization

In order not to lose the overview with the random instead of fixed allocation of storage locations, it has proven to be "imperative" to use a warehouse management system that keeps an allocation list. The storage locations are generally only recorded automatically with a computer-aided warehouse management system , which is also responsible for the allocation of a storage location. Manual organization is only possible in small warehouses with few parts. In practice, this type of storage (without registration) can only be used when storing the same items for an unlimited period of time.

A coordinate system of the storage locations must be defined and applied in the warehouse:

In order to maintain a clear overview of the warehouse, possible numbered storage locations may be made latent, so they are then no longer available as storage locations. As a result, the symmetry of the organization system of homogeneous storage zones is preserved and order picking is made easier, since in particular defined shelf sections in each row begin at the same height as the shelf sections of the neighboring shelves. In this way, z. B. cantilever racks can be used next to pallet racks in a storage zone and the matrix is retained. (The latency of storage locations can also be used, in particular, to compensate for bulkiness in the external dimensions of the articles, which is only possible to a certain extent when using non-automated storage technology with low goods rotation through convertible shelves and cabinets by removing and relocating side walls and floors.)

A system of labeling must be defined and applied for the stored goods and labeled as legible as possible (at least (semi) automatically).

optimization

In order to operate this storage optimally, it is necessary to keep standardized storage spaces in order to u. a. when using shelves, to ensure that all shelves have sufficient load capacity for all packages.

The same external dimensions of the articles and permissible piece weights in homogeneous storage zones also facilitate the automation of this type of storage, which is why it is mainly used in central distribution warehouses with a high turnover rate and shows its advantages there. It is considered typical in high-bay storage .

identification

In order to avoid media disruptions, an automatic identification of the article at the identification point (i-point) is common, which today is made possible by RFID transponders and / or barcodes attached to the pallets . The controlled recording of the corresponding information on the identity of the stored goods and the actual storage location can also be done automatically , for example, by the storage and retrieval unit or the industrial truck . In addition, the use of PDA or WLAN-supported scanners ( barcode scanners , RFID, etc.) is an often used solution for mobile data acquisition.

Mixed concepts

Using mixed concepts or taking into account other criteria, the allocation of storage locations can be further optimized despite dynamic storage. Some of the stocks are chaotically stored in free spaces and, for example, other parameters for optimizing the routes for storage and retrieval are taken into account.

Ideally, the choice of location should be based on the appropriate compartment sizes and the shortest distance from the warehouse entrance. In particular, it is possible to shorten the central route by using an ABC classification :

Articles that are often required (A articles) are stored where they can be reached quickly; rarely used articles (C-articles) are stored in the back of the warehouse; heavy items at the bottom, light items at the top.

literature

Baumann, Baumgard, Geltinger, Kähler, Lewerenz, Schliebner: Logistic processes. Jobs in warehouse logistics. Bildungsverlag Eins, ISBN 978-3-441-00360-1 .
Klaus Bichler, Ralf Krohn, Guido Riedel, Frank Schöppach: Procurement and warehouse management: Practice-oriented presentation of the fundamentals, technologies and processes. 2010, ISBN 978-3-8349-1974-8 .
Horst Hartmann: Materials Management. Organization, planning, implementation. 8th edition. 2002, ISBN 3-88640-094-8 .
Harald Ehrmann: Logistics. Compendium of practical business administration. Kiehl-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-470-47596-7 .

Web links

Comparison of static and chaotic storage

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Gabler's economic dictionary: Chaotic storage; ISBN 3-409-30384-7 ; here 12th edition 1988.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baumann, Baumgard, Geltinger, Kähler, Lewerenz, Schliebner: Logistic processes. Jobs in warehouse logistics. Bildungsverlag Eins, ISBN 978-3-441-00360-1 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Horst Hartmann: Materials management. Organization, planning, implementation. 8th edition. 2002, ISBN 3-88640-094-8 , pp. 561, 566 ff.
^ Heinrich Martin: Transport and warehouse logistics. Planning, structure, control and costs of intralogistics systems. 7th edition. Vieweg + Teubner, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8348-0451-8 , p. 333.
↑ ^a ^b Harald Ehrmann: Logistics. Compendium of practical business administration. 6th edition. Kiehl-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-470-47596-7 , p. 349 f.
↑ ^a ^b Barth, Baumann, Baumgart, Busker, Celtinger, Jahresing, Kähler, Sanmann, Schliebner: Gut Güter Logistik ; Bildungsverlag 1, 2013, ISBN 978-3-427-00340-3 .
↑ Logical warehouse! Part 1; Cornelsen, ISBN 978-3-06-450453-0 .
↑ ^a ^b Brandenburg, Gutermuth, Oelfke, Waschkau: Freight transport - forwarding - logistics. Bildungsverlag Eins, ISBN 978-3-441-00306-9 .
↑ ^a ^b Chaotic Storage »Definition and Explanation. In: www.betriebswirtschaft-lernen.net. Retrieved May 3, 2016 .

[Gabler-1] Gabler's economic dictionary: Chaotic storage; ISBN 3-409-30384-7 ; here 12th edition 1988.

[BerufeLL-2] Baumann, Baumgard, Geltinger, Kähler, Lewerenz, Schliebner: Logistic processes. Jobs in warehouse logistics. Bildungsverlag Eins, ISBN 978-3-441-00360-1 .

[Hartmann-3] Horst Hartmann: Materials management. Organization, planning, implementation. 8th edition. 2002, ISBN 3-88640-094-8 , pp. 561, 566 ff.

[4] Heinrich Martin: Transport and warehouse logistics. Planning, structure, control and costs of intralogistics systems. 7th edition. Vieweg + Teubner, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8348-0451-8 , p. 333.

[Olfert-5] Harald Ehrmann: Logistics. Compendium of practical business administration. 6th edition. Kiehl-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-470-47596-7 , p. 349 f.

[GGL-6] Barth, Baumann, Baumgart, Busker, Celtinger, Jahresing, Kähler, Sanmann, Schliebner: Gut Güter Logistik ; Bildungsverlag 1, 2013, ISBN 978-3-427-00340-3 .

[7] Logical warehouse! Part 1; Cornelsen, ISBN 978-3-06-450453-0 .

[Brandenburg-8] Brandenburg, Gutermuth, Oelfke, Waschkau: Freight transport - forwarding - logistics. Bildungsverlag Eins, ISBN 978-3-441-00306-9 .

[BWL-9] Chaotic Storage »Definition and Explanation. In: www.betriebswirtschaft-lernen.net. Retrieved May 3, 2016 .