Dyschromia
Dyschromias (spots of a different color) are pigmentation disorders of the skin due to an excess or a decrease in melanin in the epidermis .
Hyperpigmentation of the skin ( hyperchromia ) is caused by an excess of melanin and does not disappear under pressure (e.g. by placing a glass spatula). The hyperpigmentations are divided into two groups:
- Generalized hyperpigmentation : During the course of certain medical conditions, such as Addison's disease and hemochromatosis
- Localized hyperpigmentation , which have hyperpigmented spots and are essentially in the form of ephelids , chloasma, and nevus cell nevi .
Hyperpigmentation of the unmelanized skin is also observed, e.g. B. when lipochromes , which are contained in carrots, oranges and tomatoes, are ingested in large quantities, they settle in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, causing the skin to turn orange. The build-up of bilirubin in tissues causes the skin to turn yellow, which is known as jaundice .
Hypopigmentation of the skin ( hypochromia ) is mainly present in albinism and vitiligo . In albinism, the skin, head, and body hair are white because the melanocytes in the epidermiscannot synthesize melanin. Vitiligo is a dermatosis . There are no melanocytes in the epidermis of the affected parts of the body.
See also
swell
- Gerard Peyrefitte: Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin for Beauticians . Verlag Hans Huber 2001, ISBN 978-3456832678