EMD 567
The EMD 567 is a family of diesel engines for locomotives from the US locomotive builder Electro-Motive Division (EMD), which belongs to General Motors (GM) . These engines were installed in several thousand locomotives. The first engines were manufactured in 1938, and in 1965, after a construction period of 27 years, they were replaced by the successor type EMD 645 .
technology
Mode of action
see also: Principle of the diesel engine
The engines of the EMD 567 family work according to the diesel principle developed by Rudolf Diesel , which means that the combustion air in the cylinders is adiabatically compressed and heated to such an extent that the injected fuel can ignite itself. All engine types of the 567 family work according to the two-stroke process , whereby the fresh air is blown into the cylinder in the area of the bottom dead center and is subsequently compressed (1st stroke, also known as the compression stroke). Shortly before the top dead center is reached, the fuel is injected, which then ignites itself. The combustion gases expand and drive the piston back towards bottom dead center (2nd stroke, also known as the working stroke).
Technical specifications
Common to all EMD 567 was the cylinder diameter of 8½ inches (216 mm) and a stroke of 10 inches (254 mm), which resulted in a displacement of 567 cubic inches per cylinder, corresponding to 9,292 cm³. The designation of the series is derived from this value. Depending on the number of cylinders and the design, the individual types have the following features:
| execution | Maximum speed | Charging | Construction period | compression | Power kW) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 cyl. | 8 cyl. | 12 cyl. | 16 cyl. | |||||
| 567 | 800 | Roots blower | 10 / 38-3 / 43 | 16: 1 | 450 | 750 | 1000 | |
| 567A | 800 | Roots blower | 5 / 43-9 / 53 | 16: 1 | 450 | 750,900 | 1000 | |
| 567B | 800 | Roots blower | 7 / 45-3 / 54 | 16: 1 | 450 | 600 | 750,840,900 | 970.1120 |
| 567AC | 800 | Roots blower | 8 / 53-6 / 61 | 16: 1 | 450 | 750 | ||
| 567BC | 800 | Roots blower | 9 / 53-10 / 63 | 16: 1 | 840,900 | 1120 | ||
| 567C | 800.835 | Roots blower | 3 / 53-2 / 66 | 16: 1 | 450 | 670 | 840,900 | 1120.1300 |
| 567D1 | 835 | Roots blower | 12 / 59-11 / 65 | 20: 1 | 985 | 1340 | ||
| 567D2 | 835 | turbocharger | 11 / 59-4 / 62 | 14.5: 1 | 1490 | |||
| 567D3 | 835 | turbocharger | 5 / 59-11 / 63 | 14.5: 1 | 1680.1790 | |||
| 567D3A | 900 | turbocharger | 9 / 63-1 / 66 | 14.5: 1 | 1860 | |||
| 567E | 835 | Roots blower | 2 / 66-4 / 66 | 16: 1 | 900 | |||
| 567CR | 835 | Roots blower | 10 / 56-11 / 65 | 16: 1 | 670 | |||
history
With the takeover of the engine manufacturer Winton Corporation, the Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC, later EMD) had the knowledge to successfully design diesel engines in-house. In the Streamliner and the first large diesel locomotives of the E series from EMD, 650 kW Winton 201A engines were installed. In 1938 the first examples of the self-developed EMD 567 were available.
Winton 201A
With the 201 series, Winton Corporation developed its own two-stroke diesel engine for the first time. The advantage of this type compared to the four-stroke engine is a higher power / weight ratio. This made this type of engine interesting for ship and locomotive construction. When the streamlined, diesel-electric express multiple unit DR 877 from Germany attracted worldwide attention in 1932 and was the first vehicle to travel at a speed of 124 km / h on the Berlin-Hamburg route, streamlined multiple units were also developed in the USA. Well-known representatives of EMD were the Streamliner and the Burlington Zephyr , the latter for the first time with a Winton 201A diesel engine.
By 1938, GM built two twelve-cylinder Winton 12-201 and 12-201A passenger locomotives each into the E-series passenger locomotives. However, the Winton machines had some shortcomings that prevented them from long-term success. Originally developed for use in submarines, the engines proved to be only able to cope with the stresses of railway operations with frequent load changes to a limited extent. This led to piston damage relatively often. Another disadvantage of the Winton engines was the lack of interchangeability of the parts. Winton offered the units with different numbers of cylinders in different performance classes. However, essential parts such as pistons, water pumps, seals and cylinder heads differed from type to type. The railway companies were thus forced to stock up on spare parts.
EMD 567
In 1936, EMC presented a diesel engine with six V-shaped cylinders arranged at an angle of 45 °. Drive units with eight, twelve and sixteen cylinders were developed from this. The engine type designated as 567 was produced in very large numbers from 1938 to 1966. The E-series locomotives built after 1938 were fitted with two twelve-cylinder engines per unit, while those of the EMD F-series each had one with sixteen cylinders.
The first locomotives with the new 567 type were delivered in spring 1939. Delivery of the FT locomotive series began in November 1939 . These machines were supposed to displace steam locomotives from the freight train service of the US main railways within a few years . Due to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent entry into the war by the USA, it became necessary to adapt the economy to the interests of warfare. Since EMD had previously only manufactured internal combustion locomotives, the company was the only manufacturer permitted by the War Production Board to produce mainline diesel locomotives during the Second World War. During this time, the FT series freight tractors were almost exclusively manufactured. This gave EMD a head start in development that led to the company's monopoly for many years.
literature
- Pinkepank, Jerry A .: The Second Diesel Spotters Guide; Kalmbach Publishing Co. Milwaukee; 4th edition 1980; ISBN 0-89024-026-4
- Solomon, Brian: EMD F-unit Locomotives; specialty press North Branch; 1st edition 2005; ISBN 1-58007-083-3
- Solomon, Brian: EMD Locomotives; MBI Publishing Company St. Paul, MN; 1st edition 2006; ISBN 0-7603-2396-8