Edward Olson Hulburt

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Edward Olson Hulburt (born October 12, 1890 in Vermillion (South Dakota) , † October 11, 1982 in Easton (Maryland) ) was an American geophysicist . He is considered to be the discoverer of the electrical properties of the ionosphere and the interaction between the sun and the earth's atmosphere. In addition, he was the first to recognize that the blue color of the sky during the blue hour has a different cause than that during the day.

In 1931 he carried out a study on the greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere.

Live and act

Hulburt's father was a mathematician and studied at Johns Hopkins University . EO Hulburt spent 31 years at the United States Naval Research Laboratory . From 1949 to 1955 he was the first director of the research facility. By investigating the attenuation of radio signals, Hulburt and Taylor discovered the high electron density of the ionosphere in 1926 and assigned it to its fundamental properties. They also recognized the dependence of the electron density distribution on the position of the sun. Hulburt's theoretical research on the solar influence on the ionosphere led him in 1938 to the assumption that solar X-rays were the cause of the ionization of the E-layer. With the help of the V2 rockets captured at the end of the war in 1945, he discovered the solar X-rays and the extreme ultraviolet radiation, which is the cause of the F-layer of the ionosphere.

In 1931 he published a paper on the greenhouse effect in Physical Review, in which he developed a theory of the course of temperature with the height of the atmosphere.

Publications

  • Line Broadening in Stellar Spectra (1924)
  • A. Hoyt Taylor, EO Hulburt: The Propagation of Radio Waves Over the Earth . (http) In: Physical Review . 27, No. 2, February 1926, pp. 189-215. doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.27.189 . Retrieved April 14, 2013.
  • Ionization of the Upper Atmosphere (1928)
  • Auroral and Magnetic Storms (1929)
  • Diffusion in the Upper Atmosphere (1929)
  • Ionization in the Atmosphere of Mars (1929)
  • Zodiacal Light and Gegenenschein (1930)
  • Cosmic Rays (1931)
  • About the greenhouse effect: ¨ The Temperature of the lower Atmosphere of the Earth¨, Phys. Rev. 38, p.1876-1890 (1931)
  • Ionization Above 200 km (1933)
  • Radio and the Sunspot Cycle (1936)
  • E Region During an Eclipse (1939)
  • Brightness and Polarization of the Daylight Sky (1947)
  • The Airglow (1949)
  • EO Hulburt: Explanation of the Brightness and Color of the Sky, Particularly the Twilight Sky . (http) In: Journal of the Optical Society of America . 43, No. 2, February 1953, pp. 113-118. doi : 10.1364 / JOSA.43.000113 . Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  • Self-Focusing Solar Ion Streams (1954)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anonymous: Edward O. Hulburt 1890-1982 . (pdf) In: EOS . 63, No. 46, June 1982. doi : 10.1029 / EO063i046p01177-01 . Retrieved April 12, 2013.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hulburt, Edward Olson
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American geophysicist
DATE OF BIRTH October 12, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Vermillion (South Dakota)
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 1982
Place of death Easton (Maryland)