Marriage consensus

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According to c. 1057, n. 2 of the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church , the marriage consensus is an act of will through which man and woman give and accept one another in an irrevocable covenant in order to establish a marriage . The marriage comes about when the consensus between legally qualified persons is legally announced. No human power can replace this consensus.

Content of the consensus

In order for a valid marriage consensus to come about, the content of the will of the spouses must be directed towards the marriage determined by natural law and canon law . Thus, neither the essential characteristics nor the essential elements of marriage may be excluded by a positive act of will. The essential characteristics of marriage include unity, indissolubility and the sacramentality of marriage (c. 1056 CIC / 1983). Essential elements are the well-being of the spouse, the procreation of offspring and their upbringing (c. 1055, n. 1 CIC / 1983). A previously agreed limit on the number of children can also call the consensus of marriage into question. Consensus is the effective cause of marriage (causa efficiens) and not just an indispensable condition (conditio sine qua non); thus marriage, by its very nature, depends on a valid consensus. In canon law, the following principle applies: Consensus facit matrimonium.

Lack of consensus

If there is a lack of consensus at the church wedding , this prevents a valid marriage from coming about like an obstacle to marriage or a lack of form (see also nullity of marriage ).

The marriage law of the Catholic Church distinguishes:

Mental incapacity to marry (in contrast to the objective marital obstacles )

  1. Inability to marry
    • Insufficient use of reason ( defectus usus rationis , can. 1095 n. 1 CIC / can. 818 n. 1 CCEO ; cf. can. 99 CIC / can. 909 § 3 CCEO)
    • poor judgment ( defectus discretionis iudicii , can. 1095 n. 2 CIC / can. 818 n. 2 CCEO)
  2. Inability to marry
    • psychological inability to take on essential obligations of marriage ( incapacitas assumendi obligationes matrimonii essentiales ob causas naturae psychicae , can. 1095 n. 3 CIC / can. 818 n. 3 CCEO)

Lack of will

  1. Ignorance / error
    • Lack of minimum knowledge about marriage ( ignorantia naturae matrimonii , can. 1096 CIC / can. 819 CCEO)
    • Will- determining error about unity / indissolubility / sacramental dignity ( error determinans voluntatem circa matrimonii unitatem / indissolubilitatem / sacramentalem dignitatem , can. 1099 CIC / can. 822 CCEO)
    • Error about the person of the partner (identity error , error in persona , can. 1097 § 1 CIC / can. 820 § 1 CCEO)
    • Error about a quality of the partner ( attribute error , error in qualitate personae , can. 1097 § 2 CIC / can. 820 § 2 CCEO)
    • malicious deception ( dolus , can. 1098 CIC / can. 821 CCEO)
  2. Dissenting intention
    • Reservation against marriage as such (total simulation , simulatio totalis , can. 1101 § 2 CIC / can. 824 § 2 CCEO)
    • Reservation against an essential element or characteristic (partial simulation , simulatio partialis , can. 1101 § 2 CIC / can. 824 § 2 CCEO)
      • Reservation against the quality of indissolubility ( exclusio indissolubilitatis or boni sacramenti , can. 1056 CIC / can. 776 § 3 CCEO)
      • Reservation against marital fidelity ( exclusio boni fidei ) or the property of being a couple ( unitatis , can. 1056 CIC / can. 776 § 3 CCEO)
      • Reservation against offspring ( exclusio boni prolis , can. 1055 CIC / can. 776 § 1 CCEO); is sometimes seen as a reservation against equality of rights ( exclusio aequorum officiorum et iurum , can. 1135 CIC / can. 777 CCEO)
      • Reservation against the husband's welfare ( exclusio boni coniugum , can. 1055 CIC / can. 776 § 1 CCEO)
      • Reservation of sacramental dignity ( exclusio sacramentalis dignitatis , can. 1055 CIC / can. 776 § 2 CCEO)
    • Condition ( condicio , can. 1102 CIC / can. 826 CCEO)
  3. Bondage
    • Compulsion or fear ( vis vel metus , can. 1103 CIC / can. 825 CCEO)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ c. 1057, n.1 CIC / 1983
  2. ↑ Primetshofer, Bruno: The marriage consensus . In: Listl, Joseph and Heribert Schmitz (ed.): Handbook of Catholic Church Law . 2nd Edition. Regensburg. 1999. p. 928.
  3. ↑ Cf. Bertram Zotz : “Number of children and will of marriage. Considerations on the relevance of the prior limitation of the number of children from a specifically intended marriage under consensus law. ”In: Konrad Breitsching and Wilhelm Rees: Recht- Bürge der Freiheit. Festschrift for Johannes Mühlsteiger SJ for his 80th birthday. Berlin 2006, pp. 877-889.
  4. ↑ Primetshofer, Bruno: The marriage consensus. In: Listl, Joseph and Heribert Schmitz (ed.): Handbook of Catholic Church Law. 2nd Edition. Regensburg. 1999. p. 928.
  5. ↑ Klaus Lüdicke : The annulment of marriage - substantive law (as of September 29, 2010)

See also

literature

  • Bruno Primetshofer: The marriage consensus . In: Joseph Listl and Heribert Schmitz (Hrsg.): Handbook of Catholic Church Law , 2nd edition, Regensburg 1999, ISBN 3-7917-1664-6 , pp. 927-947
  • Marcus Nelles: The marriage consensus . In: Stephan Haering, Wilhelm Rees, Heribert Schmitz (eds.): Handbuch des Catholic Kirchenrechts , 3rd edition, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7917-2723-3 , § 87, pp. 1315-1337
  • Richard Puza : Catholic Church Law , 2nd edition, Heidelberg 1993, ISBN 3-8252-1395-1 , pp. 369-388
  • Norbert Ruf : The right of the Catholic Church , Freiburg (Breisgau) 1983, pp. 245-274

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