Word of honor
With a word of honor (or a written declaration of honor ) a statement ( assertion , promise ) is solemnly confirmed. The person making the declaration declares that he is responsible for the correctness of the statement with his honor , that is, the entirety of his person.
Martial law
The release of prisoners of war on word of honor (sur parole) is traditionally granted in contracts of surrender.
In this regard, Johann Caspar Bluntschli gave the first presentation of international law based on the articles of war ( Lieber Code ) written by Francis Lieber for the Army of the United States and announced by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 .
Academic Law
The word of honor is used as a translation of the Latin fidem alci dare German for the award of the doctorate, and in some doctoral regulations more often as a word of honor on oath .
It is common for an academic work, e.g. B. coursework , diploma , master’s , master’s , bachelor’s , state examination or doctoral thesis , a written declaration is attached which confirms that the presenter wrote this thesis independently, without the help of third parties and only with the sources and resources indicated was made. Furthermore, the declaration sometimes also includes that this thesis has not yet been submitted to any examining authority in the same or a similar form.
The declaration can also be a declaration on honor or an affidavit , depending on the requirements of the examination regulations . However, this does not necessarily have to be the case, e.g. B. in the doctoral regulations of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich for the Faculty of Physics.
civil right
In contrast to the oath , the word of honor has only a limited special legal status in civil law.
If, further above, we found civil honor to be very scrupulous [...] then the code under consideration here shows the noblest liberalism in it. Namely, only one word may not be broken, the word of honor, ie the word in which one said 'on honor!' - from which the presumption arises that every other word may be broken. Even if this word of honor is broken, honor can still be saved if necessary, through the universal means, the duel, here with those who claim that we have given the word of honor. Furthermore: there is only one debt that must absolutely be paid - the gambling debt, which accordingly bears the name 'honor debt'. Jews and Christians may be cheated out of all other debts: that in no way harms the knightly honor. Arthur Schopenhauer
politics
The word of honor has played an important role in politics several times:
- Helmut Kohl, for example, took his word of honor when he did not name anonymous party donors known to him ( CDU donation affair ).
- At a press conference, Uwe Barschel gave his word of honor that he had never initiated the spying of his competitor Björn Engholm , never launched an anonymous tax report against him ( Barschel affair ).
- General Günter Kießling gave his defense minister his word of honor not to be homosexual ( Kießling affair ).
- In December 2004 the Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan gave his word of honor that he was ready to sign the agreement on the customs union until the opening of EU accession negotiations in October 2005 ( Cyprus conflict ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Heidi Mehrkens: Status change: War experience and national perception in the Franco-German War 1870-71, Klartext 2008, p. 12, 163. Elizabeth Lawn: "Captivity", Peter Lang 1977, p. 65. Paul Wünnenberg: The release of prisoners of war on word of honor, Diss. Würzburg, Bonn 1911. Wilhelm Knorr: The word of honor prisoners of war in its legal-historical development, Breslau 1916 (= studies on German state and legal history, issue 127). Karl Werner: Release on word of honor in the prisoner of war u. Internment law of the World War, Diss.Rostok 1922.
- ^ Johann Caspar Bluntschli: The modern international law of the civilized states presented as a legal book. Beck'sche Buchhandlung, Nördlingen 1868. ( full text in Google book search)
- ↑ Otto Schröder: The granting of the doctorate at the universities of Germany. With text copy of the official statutes. Bookshop of the orphanage, Halle 1908.
- ^ Doctoral regulations of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich for the Faculty of Physics
- ↑ Fritz Verfuss: Promise under word of honor, Diss. Cologne 1937 Ernst Riechert: The word of honor to reinforce civil-legal contracts, Diss. Jena, Königsberg 1934. Hans Jürgen Heringer: "I give you my word of honor": Politics, language, morals, Beck 1990.
- ↑ Julius Frauenstädt (Ed.): Arthur Schopenhauers Complete Works, Vol. 5, 2nd Edition, Leipzig 1891, Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit, p. 397 with an excerpt from A. Schopenhauer: Sketch of a treatise on honor.