Ice bar

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Scheme drawing from the patent of Christian Kent Nelson (1922).

An ice tie , also ranks Leis or frozen bar , is a dessert made of ice cream , which by a coating of chocolate or fatty icing is surrounded.

invention

The invention of the ice bar is claimed by the Danish-born teacher and candy store owner Christian Kent Nelson (1893-1992) , who immigrated to the United States . He said he had the idea for his Eskimo Pie product in 1920 when a boy in his shop couldn't decide whether to buy ice cream or a chocolate bar. In December 1921, Nelson filed a patent application with the United States Patent Office for his ice cream bar, which was granted on January 24, 1922. However, courts later ruled that dipping ice cream in chocolate had long been a common practice and rejected all of Nelson’s claims.

Early years

Nelson first called his bar onomatopoeic I-Scream Bar . To this end, he created the advertising slogan I scream! You scream! Everybody screams for ice cream! It was only when he entered into a business partnership with American ice cream manufacturer Russel Stover that they renamed the product Eskimo Pie. The ice cream bar was decisive for the invention of the stick ice cream , which first came onto the market in early 1928 as an ice cream bar with a stick. In English usage, there is no consistent distinction between bar ice cream and stick ice cream: Ice cream on a stick is also offered as an "ice cream bar".

Although the concept was a great success, and Stover / Nelson were already selling a million ice cream bars a day in the spring of 1922, they were not successful in business. Numerous imitators appeared, the two of them got entangled in lengthy patent litigation. In 1923 their company was on the verge of bankruptcy, and they sold it to the United States Foil Company , which originally made the packaging for the Eskimo pies. This in turn was able to keep the product on the market, in 1927 the Eskimo Pie was the first ice cream that was available in vending machines, and from 1930 the Eskimo Pie was one of the first ice creams to be found in normal grocery stores. Since there were no freezers there at that time, the company manufactured extra containers that were filled with chilled carbon dioxide and in which the ice cream was stored in the grocery store.

Another successful competitor of the time was the Klondike Bar introduced by the Isaly family from Ohio in 1922 or the Good Humor ice cream bar, which introduced the stick.

In Austria, Milchindustrie AG (today part of Unilever) produced ice cream bars and other types of ice cream under the brand name Eskimo from 1927 .

In the Soviet Union

In the Soviet Union, the ice bar, called Eskimo , flourished in the 1960s. The Eskimo generator (named after the Eskimo pie) was the first machine in the Soviet Union in 1959 that could produce ice cream fully automatically on an industrial scale. Even if customers preferred other forms of ice cream, these could only be produced semi-automatically and required a large workforce, which is why the Soviet planners preferred the ice cream bar.

Current time

While the distribution area of ​​the Klondike Bar was limited to Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 1922 to 1982, a group of investors began a US-wide advertising campaign for the product that year, and shortly afterwards achieved market leadership in the American ice cream bar market. In 1993 Unilever bought the company.

The American company Häagen-Dazs introduced ice bars to its range in 1986. Mars Inc. introduced a Mars ice cream bar in 1989 to boost sluggish summer sales of its chocolate, to which Nestlé ( Milky Way , Kitkat ) and Unilever ( Cadbury ) each responded with their own global offerings.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maurita Baldock: The Eskimo Pie Corporation Records, 1921–1996 ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Archives Center of the National Museum of American History. Retrieved July 2, 2010.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / americanhistory.si.edu
  2. ↑ Specification of Letters Patent # 1404539 . United States Patent Office. Here via Google patents, accessed July 2, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b c d Eskimo Pie In: Andrew F. Smith: Encyclopedia of junk food and fast food. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-313-33527-3 , p. 91.
  4. ↑ Robert T. Marshal et al. a .: Ice cream. Springer, 2003, ISBN 0-306-47700-9 , p. 5.
  5. ^ Brian A. Butko: Klondikes, chipped ham & skyscraper cones: the story of Isaly's. Stackpole Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8117-2844-7 , p. 9.
  6. ↑ Ice cream. In: Andrew F. Smith: Encyclopedia of junk food and fast food Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-313-33527-3 , p. 140.
  7. ^ Franz Mathis: Big Business in Austria. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1987, ISBN 3-486-53771-7 .
  8. ^ Warren James Belasco, Roger Horowitz: Food chains: from farmyard to shopping cart. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8122-4128-0 , p. 151.
  9. ^ Klondike Bar. In: Andrew F. Smith: Encyclopedia of junk food and fast food. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-313-33527-3 , p. 151.
  10. ↑ Andrew F. Smith Haagen-Dazs in: ders. Encyclopedia of junk food and fast food. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-313-33527-3 , p. 123.
  11. ^ David Needham, Robert Dransfield: Business studies. Nelson Thornes, 1994, ISBN 0-7487-1876-1 , p. 228.