Decision No. 2009/406 / EC (burden sharing decision)

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Decision No. 2009/406 / EC

Title: Decision No. 406/2009 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 23, 2009 on the efforts of the Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions with a view to fulfilling the Community's obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020
Designation:
(not official) 		Burden sharing decision
Scope: EEA
Legal matter: Environmental law
Basis: EC Treaty , in particular Article 175 paragraph 1
Procedure overview: European Commission
European Parliament
IPEX Wiki
Come into effect: June 25, 2009
Reference: OJ L 140 of 5.6.2009, pp. 136-148
Full text Consolidated version (not official)
basic version
Regulation has entered into force but is not yet applicable.
Please note the information on the current version of legal acts of the European Union !

The decision no. 2009/406 / EC ( sharing decision , Eng. Effort sharing decision ) is a decision of the European Union , which requires the Member States to increase their greenhouse gas emissions in sectors that are not the EU emissions trading subject, compared to 2005 by a total of 10% to 2020 to decrease. These sectors are intended to make a contribution to meeting the EU's climate protection targets. The emission reductions based on the burden-sharing process are thus - alongside emissions trading - a second important pillar of EU climate protection policy .

As part of its climate and energy package 2020 , the European Union decided in 2009, among other things, to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to 1990 levels (corresponds to −14% compared to 2005). The most important instrument for this should be the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). However, emissions trading only covered some of the economic sectors and around half of the emissions. Sectors not taking part include, for example, transport, real estate, services and agriculture. Economic studies indicated that a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in these sectors outside the EU ETS would be relatively cheaper than further reductions in the sectors involved in the ETS. Therefore, the member states of the EU imposed reduction obligations on non-ETS sectors.

The decision of the European Parliament and the Council was passed in the co-decision procedure on April 23, 2009 and entered into force on June 25, 2009. It supplements the burden-sharing decision of the Council of April 25, 2002 ( 2002/358 / EC ). This had regulated the burden sharing of the then 15 EU member states ( EU-15 ) among themselves for the period 2008–2012. The sharing decision 2009 relates to the time the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol underlying greenhouse gases : carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ).

Ceilings for greenhouse gas emissions in
2020 compared to 2005
country Upper limit
Belgium −15%
Bulgaria 20%
Czech Republic 9%
Denmark −20%
Germany −14%
Estonia −11%
Ireland −20%
Greece −4%
Spain −10%
France −14%
Italy −13%
Cyprus −5%
Latvia 17%
Lithuania 15%
Luxembourg −20%
Hungary 10%
Malta 5%
Netherlands −16%
Austria −16%
Poland 14%
Portugal 1 %
Romania 19%
Slovenia 4%
Slovakia 13%
Finland −16%
Sweden −17%
United Kingdom −16%

When allocating the emission reductions and the associated costs to sectors of the EU ETS on the one hand and to those of the burden-sharing procedure on the other hand and, within the burden-sharing procedure, to the individual countries, considerations of cost-effectiveness as well as fairness played a role. Minimum aggregate cost, i.e. H. Reducing emissions in each country to the extent that it would not have been possible elsewhere at lower costs (principle of the same border avoidance costs across the EU ) would have placed relatively high burdens on poorer countries - relative to their gross domestic product . For this reason, on the one hand, the per capita income was taken into account in the burden sharing, and on the other hand, the income from the auctioning of emission certificates of the EU ETS was redistributed and differentiated targets for renewable energies were resolved as part of the 2020 climate and energy package.

The burden sharing also provides flexibility in some areas to reduce costs:

  • States can transfer amounts to other states if they overachieve their targets.
  • You can use a limited amount of international carbon credits from the Clean Development Mechanism .
  • How the states achieve their reduction targets is up to them. The Commission mentions possible areas of action: reducing fuel consumption in transport, supporting building renovation, expanding renewable energies for heating and cooling, or more climate-friendly agricultural practices.

On March 26, 2013, the commission decided on the amount of the so-called annual emission allocations (AEAs). These are the - roughly linearly decreasing - emission quantities that the individual member states are allowed to emit between 2013 and 2020 in the respective year.

Germany has to reduce its emissions in the non-EU ETS sectors by 14% between 2005 and 2020; the permissible emissions for 2013 are 487.1 million t CO 2 , for 2020 it is 437.6 million t CO 2 . For Austria the corresponding values ​​are: a reduction of 16%, a maximum of 54.0 million t CO 2 in 2013 and 49.6 million t in 2020. Some countries with particularly low per capita income, for example Bulgaria or Romania, are allowed to increase their emissions until 2020.

In 2013, the total emissions recorded by the burden sharing procedure were 9.7% below the level of 2005. In addition to climate protection measures and technical innovation, the global economic crisis from 2007 also contributed to this. The EU Commission expects the member states to achieve the targets by 2020.

For the period after 2020, the EU Council presented a draft for a new burden-sharing procedure in October 2014 within the framework of climate and energy policy up to 2030 . a. envisages an emissions reduction target of 30% compared to 2005.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Full name: Decision No. 406/2009 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 23, 2009 on the efforts of the member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions with a view to fulfilling the Community's obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020
  2. ↑ J. Delbeke, G. Klaassen, T. van Ierland and P. Zapfel: The Role of Environmental Economics in Recent Policy Making at the European Commission . In: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy . January 2010, doi : 10.1093 / reep / rep020 .
  3. ↑ a b c Peter Vis and Jos Delbeke: EU Climate Policy Explained . Ed .: European Commission. Brussels 2015, ISBN 92-79-48261-0 , pp. 17–20, 79–82 ( europa.eu [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
  4. ↑ according to Art. 251 of the EC Treaty
  5. ↑ Effort Sharing Decision. European Commission, accessed November 9, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Decision 406/2009 / EC, Appendix 1
  7. ↑ 2013/162 / EU: Decision of the Commission of March 26, 2013 establishing the annual emission allocations to the member states for the period 2013 to 2020 in accordance with Decision No. 406/2009 / EC
  8. ↑ Implementation of the Effort Sharing Decision. European Commission, accessed November 9, 2017 .
  9. ↑ Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the council on evaluating the implementation of Decision No. 406/2009 / EC
  10. ↑ Proposal for an Effort Sharing Regulation 2021-2030. European Commission, accessed November 9, 2017 . Original text: Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting binding national annual targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2021-2030