Adventure poetry
The poetry of experience , the creation of which is settled in the time of Sturm und Drang , gives the impression of the immediacy of what is depicted. In the adventure poetry, the mental mood (in places that of the author) is shown suddenly. For a long time experience poetry was seen in contrast to thought poetry and associated with this was the idea that these texts were written in one go without being changed afterwards through reflection. On closer inspection and analysis of the metaphor , the rhythm or the structure, this notion, shaped by the genius aesthetics of Sturm und Drang, becomes improbable. This type of poetry likes to use nature as a means of representing the main character's state of mind. Sunshine, fragrant meadows and blooming flowers should express the feeling of serenity and affect the reader. Clouds, fog, rain and cold should appear real to the reader in their description and bring him into the, now bad, mood of the main character. Probably the best-known representative of this style of poetry was Goethe , who began in 1770 with the writing of the new type of poem for the time . The Goethean style of adventure poetry shaped German nature and love poetry well into the 19th century and still determines the popular understanding of poetry today. There are also discussions as to whether minnesong also counts as adventure poetry . One of the advocates of this theory is Ulrich Müller, who has written an essay on this subject.
Role models and stimulators
On Shakespeare as a model of Sturm und Drang has already been made. The Swiss Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801) developed the concept of genius. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) drew attention to folk poetry, thereby displacing the ideal of ancient art. Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724–1803) was an idol of Sturm und Drang with his emotional religious poem "Der Messias" (1748).
Works and authors
The representatives of the Sturm und Drang came mainly from the middle and petty bourgeoisie; They tried to secure their literary activities materially through private tutoring or pastor positions, because they could not live from literature. They lacked the social resonance, their movement was limited to the acquaintances with whom one formed male associations (e.g. Göttinger Hain). (Goethe's mentioned novel remained an exception.) The main places of Sturm und Drang were Strasbourg, Göttingen, and Frankfurt am Main. For many poets, especially Goethe and Schiller, the Sturm und Drang was only a phase of their life and work. Many authors and works were only known in their time and are largely forgotten today.
literature
- Marianne Wünsch : adventure poetry . In: Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft , Volume 1, p. 498 ff, Verlag Walter de Gruyter , Berlin, New York 1997, ISBN 3-11-010896-8 .
- Michael Feldt: Poetry as experiential poetry: on the history of a type of literature and mentality between 1600 and 1900 , Winter, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 3533040887