Conquest of Philadelphia

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Siege of Philadelphia

Part of: Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Map of Asia Minor

date	1378 - 1390
place	Alaşehir , Asia Minor
output	Ottoman victory

Parties to the conflict
Greek residents of Philadelphia	Ottoman Empire , Byzantines (as vassals)
Commander
Unknown	Bayezid I Manuel II (vassal) John VII (vassal)

The conquest of Philadelphia meant the fall of the last remaining Christian city inland Asia Minor to the Muslim Ottoman Turks . The attacking army also included a contingent of the Byzantine Empire , which had become a vassal of the Turks.

The city in Lydia had long been able to prevent its fall to the Turks by paying protection money to the Turkish ghazis , whose hordes of robbers attacked all those who refused to pay a poll tax ( jizya ), even though the city was not actually under Islamic jurisdiction . Theoretically, the city belonged to the Byzantine Empire, but was cut off from the empire by the Ottoman hinterland and was de facto autonomous.

In 1378, Manuel II Palaiologos pledged Philadelphia to the Turks in return for Ottoman assistance in the Byzantine Civil War . But it seems that the Philadelphians have refused to surrender, because in 1390 Bayezid I ordered the two opponents in the Byzantine civil war, John VII and Manuel II, to accompany his army on a campaign against the city. In the same year the city was taken by the Turks.