Esseburg

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Esseburg
Alternative name (s): Esseborg, Eskeborg
Creation time : 13th or 14th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg, location
Conservation status: Not received
Place: Ihrhove
Geographical location 53 ° 10 '3.2 "  N , 7 ° 27' 26.4"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '3.2 "  N , 7 ° 27' 26.4"  E
Esseburg (Lower Saxony)
Esseburg
Hof Hündling in Ihrhove, Bahnhofstrasse

The Esse castle was a medieval castle in East Friesland Ihrhove , which was destroyed from 1407 to 1409.

history

In the 14th century, no supraregional chiefs could establish themselves in Overledingerland . Instead, local chiefs ruled , to whom Hisko von Emden (Hisko Abdena), who was allied with Otto IV von Hoya , the bishop of Munster, was superordinate around 1400 . So far, eight fortified stone houses in Overledingerland have been identified for this period . Here the respective village nobles had their seat and exercised their local rule.

At the beginning of the 15th century, Keno II. Tom Brok extended his rule to the south of East Frisia. Together with Focko Ukena , he conquered the unprotected villages of Collinghorst and Potshausen in Overledingerland . Around January 20, 1407 they besieged the Esseburg, which could not be captured at the first attempt: " he lach vor de borch to Yderhove " ("he was in front of the castle at Ihrhove"). This is also the first written mention of Ihrhove and his castle. That year Folmhusen , Ihrhove and Hallingmor were looted, then Amdorf , Rhaude , Backemoor and Collinghorst. After the successful incorporation of the southern area, Focko Ukena described himself as "Chief of the Overledingerland".

It is not known when the castle was founded. Since the brick became established as a new building material only from the 13th century, it can be assumed that the castle was built in the 13th or 14th century. The exact time of the conquest of the Esseburg is not clear and may be before December 9th, 1409, when the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Lübeck acted as peace brokers, dealt with 22 points of complaint between rival chiefs and reached an arbitration award. Hisko Ebdena accused Keno II tom Brok of conquering the castle, which he denied. This arbitration award is so far the only document about the above-mentioned conquests in Overledingerland.

The castle complex was demolished after 1409 and subsequently abandoned as a place of residence. Nothing is known about the residents of the stone house. Jeltko Iderhoff, Drost and bailiff in the office of Berum from 1515 to 1530 , was possibly chief of Ihrhove. He came from the Overledingerland and the name Iderhoff corresponds to Yderahave / Ihrhove. In the third or fourth generation, he could have been a descendant of the inhabitants of the Esseburg.

In 1735, Stephan Rudolf Ketteler, bailiff of the Leerort office, named the castle for the first time and gave a description of the state: “The Eskeborg, belonging to the von Hane zu Leer family, is still assigned to Iderhofe, where there is now nothing to see, as some bushes and a ditch overgrown around them ”.

The area remained uninhabited for four centuries. A rural homestead was established around 1800 and is still managed today (Hündling / Kramer).

Surname

Assuming “Eskeborg”, the East Frisian first name “Esk / Eske” for the deciduous ash tree is the basis. Accordingly, the name means "castle on the ash trees". An alternative interpretation as “Esch” means a back or hilltop position of a soil, the low fertility of which is increased in the long term by soil sod and manure. The soil science findings speak against an Esch field. As a third possibility, a derivation of "Essert / Edzard / Ekkehard" is being considered, which would indicate the name of a chief who lived in the castle. Such a name has not been passed down, not even in the Ortssippenbuch, which records entries from 1723 onwards. The second part of the name “Borg / Börg” does not necessarily have to denote a fortified castle, but can also stand for a larger, richly furnished farmhouse.

Location and description

Today's ditch that surrounds the Hündling farm on three sides

There are conflicting oral traditions about the location of the castle. Archaeological, scientific and historical studies were carried out between 2006 and 2011. They suggest that the castle complex was located on a moat island on the site of what is now Bahnhofstrasse 42 and was surrounded on all four sides by a quadrangular double moat. Originally the double trench was 17 meters wide. The east and south trenches are still preserved today, the west trench only partially and the north trench no longer. The actual chief's castle was a brick building with a probably rectangular floor plan, comparable to the Bunderhee stone house , which has a floor area of ​​11.40 × 7.60 m. Late medieval ceramics and fragments of bricks in the monastery format were discovered in a veil of rubble at a depth of 0.70 m , which originally had a thickness of 13.5 × 8–9 cm. Bricks that were still usable were obviously removed after the conquest.

The size of the moat island of 51 × 36 meters suggests that there was a residential wing next to the actual storage and defense tower. In times of peace this offered greater living comfort than the relatively small defensive tower. Only from the middle of the 15th century a new type of castle emerged with a more spacious residential complex.

literature

  • Hermann Adams: A man from Ihrhove in Overledingerland. Jeltko Iderhoff. Drost and bailiff of Berum . Westoverledingen-Ihrhove 2002 (Overledinger story).
  • Hans Joachim Albers, Heinrich Schaa, Heinz Schipper, Hermann-Josef Scheinehe: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. Archaeological, historical and scientific search for traces . 1Druck, Leer 2011, ISBN 978-3-941578-19-7 .
  • Hans Joachim Albers: In the stream of times. East Frisian history. Völlen - Völlenerfehn - Völlenerkönigsfehn, municipality of Westoverledingen, district of Leer, East Frisia . Artline, Bunde-Wymer 2006, ISBN 3-927920-01-0 .
  • Gottfried Kiesow : Architecture Guide East Friesland . Verlag Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz , Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 .

Web links

  • Hermann Adams (local chronicle of the East Frisian landscape): Ihrhove (PDF file; 45.5 kB)
  • Genealogy Forum: Ihrhove

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 54.
  2. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 55.
  3. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 56.
  4. ^ Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1986, ISBN 3-925365-07-9 , p. 13 .
  5. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, pp. 48, 60.
  6. ↑ Hermann Adams: A man from Ihrhove in Overledingerland. Jeltko Iderhoff. Drost and bailiff of Berum . Westoverledingen-Ihrhove 2002.
  7. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 137.
  8. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 65.
  9. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 70f.
  10. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, pp. 71-90, 124-126.
  11. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, pp. 81-85.
  12. ^ Rolf Bärenfänger : Ostfriesische Defense. Stone houses and castles . In: Matthias Utermann (Ed.): Archeology of medieval castles . German Society for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times V., Paderborn 2008, ISSN  1619-1439 (print), ISSN  1619-148X (Internet), pp. 69-76 (communications of the German Society for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times. No. 20) ( online , accessed on 9 April 2018).
  13. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 88.
  14. ↑ Albers, Schaa u. a .: Ihrhove in the Middle Ages. 2011, p. 128.