Ettingshausen-Nernst effect
Under the name Ettingshausen-Nernst-Effect or also Nernst-Ettingshausen-Effect , two physical effects are known that are considered in electrodynamics , solid-state physics and thermodynamics . They belong to the thermomagnetic phenomena. The first Ettingshausen-Nernst effect is also known as the Nernst effect .
First Ettingshausen-Nernst effect
As the 1st Ettingshausen-Nernst effect or Nernst effect . is the name given to the phenomenon that when a magnetic field acts on a heat flow in an electrical conductor perpendicular to the heat flow and perpendicular to the magnetic field, an electrical voltage is generated. This is the thermal analogue of the Hall effect .
Second Ettingshausen-Nernst effect
The 2nd Ettingshausen-Nernst effect relates to the phenomenon that when a magnetic field acts on a heat flow in an electrical conductor, a longitudinal potential difference (voltage) is created. For reasons of symmetry, the longitudinal effects do not depend on the direction of the magnetic field and are therefore square in the magnetic field strength.
Naming
The effects are named after the physicists Albert von Ettingshausen and Walther Nernst , who studied under v. Ettingshausen in Graz did research in this area and deepened the topic in 1887 in his doctoral thesis with Friedrich Kohlrausch in Würzburg .
The two Ettingshausen-Nernst effects are to be distinguished from the “ Ettingshausen effect ” and another “Nernst effect”, which are galvanomagnetic effects .
Original publications
- Albert von Ettingshausen, Walther Nernst: About the occurrence of electromotoric forces in metal plates through which a heat flow flows and are located in the magnetic field , Annalen der Physik, Volume 265, 1886, pp. 343-347, pdf
- Walther Nernst: About the electromotive forces that are awakened by magnetism in metal plates through which a heat flow flows , (= dissertation), Annalen der Physik, Volume 267, 1887, pp. 760-789, pdf
- Albert von Ettingshausen: Comments on the essay "About a new polar effect of magnetism on galvanic heat in certain substances" , Annalen der Physik, Volume 269, 1887, pp. 126-128, pdf
- Albert von Ettingshausen: About the influence of magnetic forces on the type of heat conduction of bismuth , Annalen der Physik, Volume 269, 1887, pp. 129-136, pdf
- Albert von Ettingshausen, Walther Nernst: About the thermal and galvanic behavior of some bismuth-tin alloys in the magnetic field , Annalen der Physik, Volume 269, 1888, pp. 474-492, pdf