Føroysk orðabók

Føroysk orðabók [ ˈføːɹɪsk ˈoːɹabɔuk ] (Faroese Dictionary) is a monolingual dictionary of the Faroese language , published in 1998 under the direction of Jóhan Hendrik Winther Poulsen .

It is the first monolingual Faroese dictionary and contains around 65,700 headwords with 70,000 practical examples on almost 1500 pages. This makes Faroese the last living North Germanic language that has been fully developed by a native dictionary. The work for this took about 40 years with all the preparations. With regard to the Faroese language policy largely pursued by Poulsen, the vocabulary of the dictionary is puristic: It avoids foreign words if they do not undoubtedly belong to the Faroese vocabulary.

construction

The dictionary explains the meanings, subject areas and stylistic levels of the words. For every noun, adjective and verb there is complete information on inflection, which is presented in the appendix with dozen of paradigms . In the case of many neologisms , the foreign-language equivalents are also mentioned (mostly internationalisms in Danish or Anglicisms ).

Example:

tjóðarframleiðsla kv ¹ (búsk) savnaður virðisvøkstur á øllum vørum and tænastum framleiddum eitt tíðarskeið í einum landi [ da. national product]

tjóðarframleiðsla is the lemma
kv ¹ stands for kvennkyn ( feminine ) of declension 1, which is explained in the appendix

(búsk) stands for búskapur (economy) and describes the subject

Translated, the text reads: "The accumulated increase in value of all goods and services produced in a country over a period of time"

[ there. national product ] is a reference to the Danish word for "national product " and indicates that the reader may be more familiar with it than the Faroese term, which is desired for language policy. The word tjóð means "nation", and framleiðsla "product" from framleiða "to manufacture".

The Faroese dictionary includes 1,700 plant and animal names and also gives their international scientific names. These include z. B. all names of the Faroese birds .

Example:

tjaldur ¹ -urs tjøldur h ¹⁵ (fugl.) svartur and hvítur vaðfuglur við longum reyðum nevi og fótum ( tjóðfuglur føroyinga ) (Haematopus ostralegus) , tjaldrið kemur á grækarismessu; ~ hevur fult reiður á krossmessu; sms. td fjøru- vetrar-

tjaldur ² -urs tjøldur h ¹⁵ (kvæð.) tjald

tjaldur ¹ is the lemma. The superscript 1 indicates another keyword with the same name that is listed directly below.
-urs tjøldur indicate the irregular forms in the genitive singular and nominative plural. The linguistic user thus recognizes the declination.
h ¹⁵ stands for hvørkiskyn (neuter) of the 15th declination as a precision
(fugl.) stands for fuglafrøði (ornithology)
The text is translated: "Black and white wading bird with long red beak and legs (national bird of the Faroese)"
(Haematopus ostralegus) is the scientific name of the oyster fisherman
The examples in italics tell more about the bird: “The oystercatchers come to Grækarismessa ” and “The oystercatchers have a full nest for the Krossmessa ”.
sms. td are two abbreviations and mean “cf. z. B. "
fjøru- vetrar- refer to the lemmas fjørutjaldur ( Steinwälzer ) and vetrartjaldur (Austernfischer, the overwintered on the Faroe Islands)
The second lemma tjaldur ² refers to the same declension, but means with the abbreviation (kvæð.) That the word is only used in the Faroese ballads ; it is followed by the meaning tjald "tent".

While the dictionary gives extensive synonyms, alternative spellings and derived sub-terms, pronunciation information is only given for words whose sound deviates from the Faroese rules.

Example:

Føroyar [fœrjar] hvmf Føroyum hvsf Føroya kv flt ⁶ eitt av Norðurlondum ( oyggjaland í Norðuratlantshavi ), í / úr Føroyum; to Føroya

The Lemma Føroyar is the country name of the Faroe Islands
According to the Faroese pronunciation rules, [fœrjar] is a deviation, according to the typeface one would expect * [føːrɔijar].
hvmf Føroyum describes the dative case (hvørjumfall)
hvsf Føroya the genitive (hvørsfall)
kv flt ⁶ is kvennkyn (feminine) fleirtal (plural) of the 6th declension
The text is translated: "One of the Nordic countries (island country in the North Atlantic)"
As with all place names in the dictionary, the expressions for “in, out” and “after, to” are given as examples.

The Faroese dictionary does not contain any etymological references, the word origin often corresponds to Old Norse , Icelandic, Norwegian or Danish.

There are also many outdated and historical terms listed, always keeping a reference in mind. One often refers to Jens Christian Svabo , V. U. Hammershaimb and Jakob Jakobsen as well as the Faroese ballads .

270 drawings by Bárður Jákupsson illustrate things that are difficult to describe with words alone, such as the parts of the Faroe boat . A total of 1000 terms are illustrated in this way.

The appendix contains the Faroese spelling rules and a list of recognized Faroese first names .

Internet edition

The dictionary has been available for free on the Internet since 2007. It has a search for title keywords, taking care to use the Faroese special characters á , ð , í , ó , ú , ý , æ and ø . Letters at the beginning or the end can be omitted with an asterisk *. In terms of text, the Internet edition is largely identical to the printed edition, and links to the diffraction tables are also provided. However, there are no entries for the inflected forms, so you always have to search for the basic form.

Basic lexical forms are:

For nouns the indefinite nominative singular ( e.g. fuglur (m.), Kona (f.), Hús (n.) "Bird, woman, house")
In verbs the infinitive, which is identical to the present plural (for example lesa, fara, hava "read, go, have")
For adjectives the strongly inflected (indefinite) masculine form in the nominative singular ( e.g. góður, ringur, stuttligur "good, bad, funny")
In pronouns, the masculine form in the nominative singular is also used as a keyword (for example, eingin, nakar, hvør "no, someone, who")

title

Jóhan Hendrik W. Poulsen and others: Føroysk orðabók . Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, Tórshavn 1998, ISBN 99918-41-52-0 (one-volume edition, 1483 pages), ISBN 99918-41-53-9 (hardback edition in 2 volumes), ISBN 99918-41-54-7 (CD-ROM )

Web links

Orðabókagrunnurin

Fmn.fo - Orðalistar (These word lists of the Faroese Language Council come from the same circle of employees and add newer technical terms, word creations and "forgotten" things, such as the names of the languages of the world. The list of first names is identical to that in the dictionary. )

Remarks

↑ The word bók for "book" is feminine in Faroese, so it should be called Føroysk orðabók . The second part orðabók of the title is written in lower case according to the Faroese spelling rules, since the word for "dictionary" alone is not a proper name.

↑ A curiosity about the Faroese word tjaldur is that the Icelandic word tjaldur is masculine

[1] The word bók for "book" is feminine in Faroese, so it should be called Føroysk orðabók . The second part orðabók of the title is written in lower case according to the Faroese spelling rules, since the word for "dictionary" alone is not a proper name.

[2] A curiosity about the Faroese word tjaldur is that the Icelandic word tjaldur is masculine