Eighty-five martyrs from England and Wales

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haydock plaque in the church of St. Andrew's and Blessed George Haydock in Cottam in Lancashire .

Eighty-five Martyrs of England and Wales , also known as George Hatdock and Companions , is a group of men executed in the Kingdom of England for treason and related crimes between 1584 and 1679 . The trials were very political. Most convicts were offered a pardon if they joined the Church of England . Of the 85 martyrs, 75 (61 priests and fourteen lay people) were executed for Jesuit, etc. Act 1584 .

In the Roman Catholic Church they are considered martyrs and were beatified by Pope John Paul II on November 22, 1987 .

List of names

Liturgical Remembrance Day

In England the martyr is commemorated together with other martyrs of the English Reformation on May 4th. On this day also is the Holy Forty Martyrs of England and Wales and the Nine Martyrs of England and Wales thought. Prior to the reform of the liturgical calendar for England in 2000, it was commemorated on October 25th.

In Wales, the 85 martyr is commemorated, especially the two with Wales connection, William Davies and Charles Mahoney . The six Welsh martyrs and companions are commemorated on October 25th. By this name the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales are known in Wales.

Historical classification

Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I on February 25, 1570. This led to a perplexity among the English Catholics. Catholics like those around the Spanish ambassador Bernardino de Mendoza were involved in a conspiracy against Elizabeth I. This part of the Catholics saw a greater danger for England through a Protestant ruler. The English government considered this to be treason .

The next Pope Gregory XIII. made another statement on April 14. He maintained the excommunication, but did not oblige Catholics to do anything that led to their disadvantage. The laws were tightened after an uprising in the north. Among other things, religious acts were interpreted as treason.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Patrick Barry, THE PENAL LAWS
  2. ^ National Calendar for England , Liturgy Office for England and Wales. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  3. ^ National Calendar for Wales , Liturgy Office for England and Wales. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  4. ↑ Wayback Machine. September 30, 2011, accessed July 22, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Burton, Edwin. Accusations of Treason , The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company (1912). Retrieved November 21, 2011

literature

  • Bowden, Henry Sebastian. Mementoes of the Martyrs and Confessors of England & Wales [1910]. New edition revised by Donald Attwater. London. Burns & amp; Oates, 1962.
  • Challoner, Richard. Memoirs of Missionary Priests , [1741]. New edition revised by JH Pollen. London. Burns Oates and Washbourne, 1924.
  • Connelly, Roland. The Eighty-five Martyrs . Essex. McCrimmons Publishing Company, 1987.
  • Foley, BC The Eighty-five Blessed Martyrs . London. Incorporated Catholic Truth Society. 1987.
  • Usherwood, Stephen and Elizabeth. We die for the Old Religion . London. Sheed & Ward. 1987.

Web links