Surname Act (Turkey)
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Soy adı kanunu |
| Number: | 2525 |
| Type: | law |
| Scope: | Republic of Turkey |
| Adoption date: | June 21, 1934 |
| Official Journal : | No. 2741 BC July 2, 1934, p. 4075 ( PDF file; 450 kB ) |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version . | |
With the surname law from June 21, 1934 were in Turkey last name introduced. The law that came into force in January 1935 obliges every Turkish citizen to use a family name in addition to his first name (Art. 1). The family name was to be used as a surname, not, as in Hungary or in accordance with the practice of the surnames used so far, prefixed to the first name.
background
You could choose the name yourself. The name should be a Turkish word or a word of Turkish origin. A family name had to be adopted by July 2, 1936. If this was not the case, the name was given by the Vali , Kaymakam or by these authorized persons. Here were about Aşiret- , foreign, not offensive or ridiculous names to choose from. The law was also used to break up tribal structures. In certain tribes it happened that siblings and parents were given different surnames. Furthermore, according to Law No. 2590, salutations and titles such as “ Efendi ”, “ Bey ” or “ Pascha ” were not allowed and non-Turkish name endings such as Armenian -yan, Slavic -viç or Greek -pulos were forbidden. Jews, Greeks and Armenians did not have to change their names. But many did so in order not to attract attention as members of an ethnic minority.
On the proposal of the diplomat Saffet Arıkan , the Grand National Assembly gave the founder of the state Mustafa Kemal Pascha the name "Ataturk" ("Father of the Turks"), which is protected by Law No. 2622 .
Effects on legislation abroad
The Federal Association of Arameans in the Federal Republic of Germany took action against the name changes from 2012 , whereby many Arameans in Germany changed their Turkish names , which had existed since 1934, in favor of Aramaic names. Since February 11, 2014, it has been possible for German nationals in Germany to apply for the name used by one's ancestors before the Family Name Act to be used again in official documents.
literature
- İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters. Self-published, Çanakkale 2006, ISBN 978-9944-5163-0-3 .
- Klaus Kreiser : Turkish family names in Turkey and Germany. In: Karlheinz Hengst / Dietlind Krüger (ed.): Family names in German: research and reference works. 2nd half volume: Family names from foreign languages in the German-speaking area. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-86583-500-0 , pp. 503-516.
See also
Web links
- Senem Aslan: Incoherent State: The Controversy over Kurdish Naming in Turkey , European Journal of Turkish Studies (article on the tensions between today's Kurdish naming practice and the Turkish naming legislation of 1934.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Meltem F. Türköz: The social life of the state's fantasy: Memories and documents on Turkey's 1934 Surname Law - ProQuest. SS 5 , accessed on September 1, 2018 (English).
- ↑ a b Aslan, Senem: Incoherent State: The Controversy over Kurdish Naming in Turkey . In: European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey . No. 10 , December 29, 2009, ISSN 1773-0546 ( openedition.org [accessed September 1, 2018]).
- ↑ According to Art. 1 old version of Regulation No. 2/1759 of December 24, 1934 for the implementation of the Family Names Act, RG No. 2891 of December 27, 1934.
- ↑ According to Art. 3 old in conjunction with Art. 29 old of Ordinance No. 2/1759 of December 24, 1934 for the implementation of the Family Names Act, RG No. 2891 of December 27, 1934.
- ↑ Law No. 2590 of November 26, 1934 on the cancellation of the salutations and titles "Efendi", "Bey", "Pascha" and the like, RG No. 2867 of November 29, 1934 ( online ).
- ^ Meltem F. Türköz: The social life of the state's fantasy: Memories and documents on Turkey's 1934 Surname Law - ProQuest. SS 1 , accessed on September 1, 2018 (English).
- ↑ Klaus Kreiser: History of Turkey, From Ataturk to the present . CH Beck, 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-64065-0 , pp. 53 .
- ^ Meltem F. Türköz: The social life of the state's fantasy: Memories and documents on Turkey's 1934 Surname Law - ProQuest. Retrieved September 1, 2018 .
- ↑ Per Law No. 2587 of November 24, 1934, RG No. 2865 of November 27, 1934 ( online ( Memento of July 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive )).
- ↑ See Klaus Kreiser: Ataturk. A biography. 3. Edition. CH Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57671-3 , p. 18 f.
- ↑ Cf. Gottfried Plagemann: From Allah's Law to Modernization by Law. Law and Legislation in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Lit Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-0114-4 , p. 131.
- ↑ Düzgün Karadaş: Gazi, önerilen 14. soyadını kabul etmiş! (No longer available online.) In: Habertürk . January 17, 2011, archived from the original on March 20, 2012 ; Retrieved November 4, 2018 (Turkish).
- ↑ General administrative regulation for the law on changing family names and first names (NamÄndVwV). § 44a. Retrieved September 1, 2018 .