Ferenc stain

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Ferenc Fleck (born February 17, 1908 in Budafok , today a district of Budapest , † February 25, 1994 in Budapest) was a Hungarian chess composer . His name is associated with the Fleck theme he developed , a theme of the two-move chess composition.

biography

Fleck was a medical technician by profession and lived in Budafok , which was incorporated into Budapest in 1950. He started composing chess problems at the age of 18. In total, he is said to have created around 1800 chess compositions, most of them two-move. For about 800 of them he received awards, 110 of them first prizes. Fleck was five times Hungarian master of chess composition, eight times he was second and three times third. A total of 32 chess problems by Fleck were included in the FIDE albums , eight of them in the appendices, and one was a joint product with another composer. He received 23.5 points and met the requirements for a FIDE master in chess composition. Independently of this, he was appointed International Judge for Chess Composition in 1956 and in 1988 he was appointed "Honorary Master of Chess Composition". A selection of 180 chess problems from his work, 144 of them two-move, was published in book form in German in 1991.

The stain theme

In 1934 Fleck published in the Hungarian chess magazine Magyar Sakkvilág ("Hungarian Chess World") together with Sándor Boros (1907–1944) a German-language article, a new type of Zweizüger: Fleck-Thema. Competition . The authors complained about a lack of new ideas in the two-pass and presented a new type of two-pass mate problem developed by Fleck, from which they expected “undreamt-of possibilities and colorful movement”. The article contained a number of sample tasks and a call for tenders for a themed tournament . Applications should be sent to Fleck by May 1, 1935; Fleck and Boros themselves should act as judges. Book prizes were awarded.

The description of the topic was as follows:

“In contrast to the previous problems, there is a risk of multiple mate after the key move, generally more than twice. The essence of the idea is based on the game of the black, who allows only one of the many threats to come true. This characteristically emphasized game of the black prevents the dual and stamps all threats that appear after the key move as variants. "

- Ferenc Fleck and Sándor Boros : Two-Movers of a New Type , in: Magyar Sakkvilág , 1934, p. 314

In his 1991 book A Curriculum Vitae, Narrated in Problems, Fleck defined the topic as follows:

“After the key, there are multiple - at least three - threats that are implemented separately. All other threats fall through various harmful problem elements. The essence lies in the differentiation game of the following ... "

- Ferenc Fleck : A curriculum vitae, told in problems , 1991, p. 5

Damage for the white party is to be understood here as "harmful problem elements". In contrast to most of the themes, the black parades in the classic Fleck theme do not harm the black person, but only improve their position; However, these are not sufficient to refute the threats, but only to differentiate them. So the emphasis is on the defense game: it requires as many black parades as there are threats, and each of these parades must eliminate all but one threat so that each threat is carried out exactly once.

The last of the compositions by Fleck contained in the article was reprinted particularly frequently:

Ferenc Fleck
Magyar Sakkvilág, 1934, special edition
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Mate in 2 moves

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Solution:

1. Nc3! threatens four times 2. Bc7, 2. Qc7, 2. Bd4 and 2. Qd4 mate, so two of the four mates threaten each on the same square.

The four possible black moves each prevent three white mating moves and only allow one:

1.… c5 (blocks the bishop's move and cover line after d4) 2. Bc7 mate ,

1.… Bd5 (blocks the queen's move and cover line after d4) 2. Qc7 mate ,

1. ... Bf5 (blocks the cover line of the rook after f6 and the cover line of the bishop after e6) 2. Bd4 mate ,

1.… Bf3 (blocks the cover line of the rook after f4 and f6) 2. Qd4 mate .

The task was also included in the FIDE 1914–1944 album.

Bound and free, primary and secondary spot

In their original invitation to tender, Fleck and Boros insisted on dual freedom, that is, on every possible black move, only one threat should lead to success. This variant of the stain theme was later referred to as "bound stain". Since there is a dual-free mate on every possible black move and the multiple threat is not implemented in any variant, the tied spot, as Fleck himself thinks, approaches the Zugzwang compositions ("white-to-play"). In addition, however, the “free spot” was established, in which the differentiating parades of blacks represent only a selection of the possible black answers. In this case there can be several different mates (mate duals) on some black moves.

The root problem above is a quadruple bonded spot, another example of this can be found in the article Willy Roscher . The task contained in Otto Strerath , on the other hand, is to be assigned to the free spot type, since there are black moves, after which several different mates are possible.

Strerath's composition also illustrates another distinction: Here the multiple threat does not appear immediately after the key, but only through the (arbitrary) departure of the black tower, i.e. through the black defense. This form of the stain theme is referred to as the “secondary stain”, while in the case of the “primary stain” (all other examples cited here) the key pull directly poses the thematic threats.

The Karlström spot

The Fleck theme turned out to be an extraordinarily fruitful idea that has been implemented in hundreds of chess compositions to the present day. Chess composers were particularly interested in the further development of the Karlström-Fleck by the Norwegian Alfred Karlström (1907–1967). Karlström supplemented the differentiation parades or “stain parades” of blacks with an equal number of total parades, ie black moves that parry all threats at the same time and instead enable a new checkmate.

Alfred Karlström
Problemists, 1947/1, 1st prize
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Mate in 2 moves

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Solution:

1. f7! threatens three times 2. fxe8D, 2. f8S and 2. Nf8 mate.

The three black differentiation or spot parades are:

1.… Bxg7 (covers f8) 2. fxe8D mate ,

1.… Bxd7 ( knight's hit and flick flight ) 2. f8N mate ,

1.… Bxf7 (the pawn's stroke) 2. Nf8 mate .

There are also the same number of total parades or Karlström parades, each with Neumatts:

1. ... Kxd7 (King escape) 2. DC8 matt ,

1.… dxe5 (evacuation of the escape square d6) 2. Qc6 mate ,

1.… fxg4 (evacuation of the escape square f5) 2. Qxg4 mate .

This is a bound Karlström mark because all sorts of black features are thematic parades. It is noteworthy that these are all hit cases and that the total parades are answered with women's matts.

Fonts

  • With Sándor Boros: Two-move new type: Fleck-Thema. Competition - Verseny pályázat . In: Magyar sakkvilág , 1934, Rendkívüli szám (special issue), pp. 313–316.
  • A résumé told in problems . With a foreword by Walter Fentze. Self-published by Fentze, Nuremberg, 1991.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Walter Fentze states February 8, 1908, see his foreword in Ferenc Fleck: A curriculum vitae, told in problems , p. 3.
  2. See Walter Fentze: Foreword. In: Ferenc Fleck: A curriculum vitae in chess problems told , p. 3.
  3. Short biography in Hungarian on www.magyarsakkszerzok.hu.
  4. Hannu Harkola: Index of FIDE Albums 1914–2006 , Helsinki 2013, p. 41. PDF .
  5. Hannu Harkola: Handbook of Chess Composition, 7th edition , Helsinki 2016, pp. 31, 33, 36, 43, 60. PDF .
  6. For Boros see http://www.magyarsakkszerzok.hu/boros_s.htm .
  7. ^ Fleck / Boros: Zweizüger new type , p. 316.
  8. Erik Zierke : The total solution to a chess problem , online , p. 13f.
  9. For the bound and free stain, see Ferenc Fleck: A curriculum vitae in problems told , p. 5; see also Heinz Gfeller / Beat Wernly: Chatting for beginners (74): Das Fleck-Thema (bound form) , in: K-Post , March 2010, pp. 6–7, PDF , as well as this: Chatting for beginners (75 ): Das Fleck-Thema (unbound form) , in: K-Post , April 2010, pp. 6–8, PDF , each with very instructive examples and comments.
  10. See Hilmar Ebert: The Chessworld Project , letter F, keyword Fleck-Thema, online ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ); see also Jeremy Morse: Chess Problems: Tasks and Records, 3rd edition. Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp (Leicestershire) 2016, pp. 96f.
  11. See for example Heinz Gfeller / Beat Wernly: Chatting for beginners (76): The spot theme (special) . In: K-Post , May 2010, pp. 7–8, PDF ; see on Karlström and the Karlström-Fleck also: Espen Backe: Alfred Karlstrøm: - en allsidig problemkunstner . In: Thema Danicum , Vol. 15 (2005), No. 119 (July), pp. 174–175, PDF (Danish).