Space resource management

Space management is generally understood to mean the optimum coordination of supply and demand for certain types of space (for example residential areas ; commercial areas ) in a municipality or region, from an economic and ecological point of view .

Disambiguation

All areas that lie within the existing settlement structure of cities and villages and are currently unused or only underused can be summarized as area resources :

Building sites / vacant lots (short-term) are all areas that are directly suitable for residential development due to their size (400–800 m²), their orderly parcel layout, existing development and planning law (§ 34 BauGB). Furthermore, there are no other problems in the form of existing buildings or intensive forest cover to prevent immediate development.

Redensification potential (in the medium term) are areas in the interior that already show development and use of the property, but which by no means correspond to the upper limit set by the building use ordinance (GRZ and GFZ). In most cases, there is the possibility of creating one or more new building sites on these plots by dividing them or building in the second row. Furthermore, potential for vertical densification in the form of building heights can also be counted here.

Potential for conversion (medium to long-term) are areas that have been used in the past but have since been abandoned. The fallow land can now be used again. In contrast to the other land resources, however, this can often lead to special problems in the form of contaminated sites , existing buildings, outdated development systems, etc. and thus to additional costs for revitalization. Frequently occurring forms of conversion potential are abandoned commercial and industrial sites, military areas , railway areas as well as dilapidated residential and agricultural buildings in the town centers.

Areas with development potential (long-term), on the other hand, are interior plots that cannot be built on immediately. Reasons for this can be, on the one hand, a lack of development, an unsuitable parcel layout , necessary land arrangement or reallocation, existing development through smaller ancillary buildings or a still missing legal basis for building planning . Due to their location within the settlement structure and to existing development and infrastructure facilities, these areas are suitable for development and structural use with the aim of successful internal development .

Municipal level

If the above facts are brought together, municipal land resource management is to be understood as a strategy or instrument with the aim of active internal development to initially cover the need for different types of land, as far as possible, through the existing urban land potential. The communal development should first be directed to the existing stock of areas in the inner area before new settlement areas are developed on the outskirts. The primary goal is to achieve a reduction in land take.

Consistent use of existing local potential offers the municipalities a multitude of opportunities:

Soil protection : in the sense of the ecological balance, preservation of the indivisible good soil and its vital functions (pollutant filter; cleaning buffer in the water cycle; climate regulator) in its natural, unsealed state
Protection of open spaces : Preservation of natural and cultural landscapes in their function as a habitat for flora and fauna, open space and recreational space for people and production space for agriculture and forestry
The arrival and settlement of new citizens in established residential areas, thereby improving the possibilities for integration and strengthening social and cultural cohesion and life in the community
Establishment of companies
Efficient use of existing infrastructure indoors while avoiding unnecessary new infrastructure outdoors and thus cost savings for public budgets, especially municipalities
Preservation or restoration of lively town and village centers through the creation and settlement of attractive residential and infrastructure offers in the interior instead of increasingly relocating these functions to the edge of the settlement and thus preserving and increasing the attractiveness of the municipality as a location (see figure) as a whole

Maintaining and increasing the local attractiveness of the municipality (source: STEG GmbH)

Sustainable interior development

A number of steps are necessary in order to direct future community development and the need for a wide variety of usable areas as far as possible to the existing inner-city area potential and thus to operate an active area resource management.

inventory

Successful interior development cannot be realized without in-depth, up-to-date knowledge of the potential for use in the area, its development opportunities and development opportunities. The basis is an overview of all local potential in the entire municipality as well as the availability of diverse and current data (size, location, use, development , planning rights, owner, contaminated sites , restrictions and barriers to use, value and price, etc.) on this potential. These data are to be collected as part of a comprehensive inventory as the basis of a land resource cadastre ( inspection ; procurement and inspection of existing data and planning documents).

Location analysis

Building on this, an intensive location analysis is required to determine which of the recorded potential areas are particularly suitable for which use under which conditions (usage restrictions). The current demand and the market situation for different land use segments must also be taken into account. In addition, it must also be clarified at this point which area potentials are to be kept free from development in terms of maintaining and increasing the small and large-scale open space and quality of stay in the settlement.

Municipal information system

So that this information on potentials and their characteristics is always up-to-date on the one hand, i.e. can be updated, and on the other hand areas can be identified and filtered out according to very specific characteristics, a municipal information system must be set up and set up after the inventory . Geographical Information Systems (GIS) offer a suitable basis for this by linking maps and factual information as well as subject-specific relational databases that can be linked to them. Since a large number of actors (urban planning office, real estate office, business development, owners, interested parties and investors, external planning and engineering offices, etc.) are involved in the process of management and activation of land potential, the use of web-based GIS and Database products represent an ideal solution. Without additional costs and software installation, all actors with access authorization can obtain the required data, update data if necessary and thus also exchange data and communicate with one another. In addition, there is also the possibility of marketing the space on the Internet.

planning phase

This is followed by the planning phase . Building on the urban planning model for the entire community (if available, otherwise worked out here), the current space requirements / market situation as well as the results of the location analysis, goals, strategies and measures for the use and activation (planning law, investment and financing ...) of the identified potentials define. Here, larger contiguous inner-city areas must receive special attention as possible impulse projects.

Activation phase

Ultimately, the activation phase is about supplying the local potentials to current needs according to their intended use and implementing the goals and strategies formulated in the planning phase.

activities

The following measures , among others, are conceivable in order to advance space resource management as a whole :

Citizens' information event for the purpose of sensitizing the population to the topic of interior development, land consumption , town center revitalization; possibly also to be carried out at the very beginning of the process or for the purpose of presenting the results of the inventory

if necessary, establishment of a coordination and advice center at the city: coordination of the overall process and the individual measures; Coordination, contact and advice center for land owners (providers) and interested parties (buyers); Updating and maintaining the information system

Issue of problem-specific municipal funding programs / grants for interested parties and investors in the activation of local area potential

Organization of real estate exchange / fair: on the one hand, the opportunity to present all municipal and private inner-city space offers as well as possible projects, as far as desired by the owners, in front of a broad audience; on the other hand, possibility of comprehensive information for interested parties and investors about current space offers; Establishing first contacts and exchanging information;

Activation of parts of the information system as a real estate platform for the purpose of location marketing and area marketing via the Internet; Location-independent possibility for interested parties and investors to find out about the entire range of real estate and to filter out areas that exactly meet their requirements

In addition, individual measures adapted to the specific problem situation are required for the specific activation of individual inner-city areas / areas:

Direct contact with those affected: intensive and careful discussions with owners
Advice to interested parties and investors about usage and funding options, troubleshooting, etc.
Use of suitable urban planning instruments and funding programs ( development plan; deviation; exemption; renovation, development measures; ...)
if necessary, interim acquisition of individual areas by the municipality for the purpose of targeted valorization, marketing and use
Project development

Success control

An annual success control should check the meaning, strategy and procedure of municipal land resource management based on the number of activated building gaps and fallow land and adjust them if necessary.

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ http://www.steg.de/ Stadtentwicklung GmbH

[1] ttp://www.steg.de/ Stadtentwicklung GmbH