Commercial space
A commercial area is an area that is used exclusively or primarily to accommodate industrial or commercial operations.
Commercial areas are usually designated in commercial or industrial areas in order to avoid disruptive effects from businesses such as noise, smell or hazards on residential developments. Commercial building areas are therefore already shown separately from other types of use in the land use plan, which provides the framework for the future urban development of a municipality . A commercial area is determined by the applicable development plan in terms of building use law . This regulates the use permitted in an area according to the requirements of the German Building Use Ordinance (BauNVO).
Commercial areas are designated by municipalities. They are based on the needs known to them. Since “commercial space monitoring ” is still being set up in most federal states , there is an overall oversupply of available commercial space in Germany . However, some of the designated areas differ considerably in terms of their quality and marketability .
Requirements for commercial space
The characteristics of a commercial space are an important criterion when choosing a business location . A distinction is made between hard and soft location factors . The hard location factors include the location, i.e. the geographical proximity to sales markets, suppliers, raw materials or research facilities, the performance of the existing infrastructure , such as transport links , energy supply and communication networks, as well as the economic framework conditions, such as wage costs , taxes and the labor market or skilled worker situation . However, soft location factors, such as the cultural environment or the image of a location , also play an important role when evaluating a commercial space. Depending on the industry and the size of the company, there are significant differences in the weighting of the individual location factors.
Commercial space is often used by medium-sized companies . The so-called corporate real estate can be divided into four types: transformation and production real estate , logistics real estate and business parks. If the respective properties can accommodate several tenants as well as types of use and area, one speaks of mixed-use corporate real estate.
Industrial area
Commercial areas are suitable for companies that only have a minor impact on the surrounding area ( Section 8 BauNVO). These include all types of businesses, warehouses, and commercial and office buildings. But also public companies and administrations as well as petrol stations and sports facilities. Production companies that have a greater impact on their environment due to increased levels of noise, smells or hazards and 24/7 production place different demands on commercial space. Industrial areas are designated in industrial areas and sufficiently separated from residential areas and areas with mixed use ( Section 9 BauNVO). They are accessible for heavy traffic and rail traffic. Further infrastructure such as electricity / gas supply , drinking and industrial water , wastewater disposal has been developed. In some cases, such industrial areas are subject to special environmental regulations.
Large areas
Large to very large commercial areas are of particular importance. They are needed for large industrial projects, where the space requirement is often 50 hectares and more. This makes them a special challenge for regional planning. Because area development and building plans must leave enough leeway for the respective investment and often be coordinated across municipal boundaries. At the same time, investors expect optimal location conditions. Archeology , subsoil and ordnance investigations should be completed without any findings. Electricity and gas supply, sewage disposal, the connection to road and railroad should already exist or be realizable at short notice.
In the densely populated regions of Western Europe , large areas suitable for industrial use with the required quality features are rather rare. New facilities require long lead times, which discourage potential investors . In order to be able to counter the competition from other locations, for example in Eastern Europe , a rethink is emerging here. In North Rhine-Westphalia , the most densely populated state in Germany, the state development plan of January 25, 2017 specifies, in addition to normal industrial areas, four separate locations for land-intensive, large-scale projects that are reserved for production companies with a space requirement of at least 80 hectares. A first large area was realized in the Euskirchen region , southwest of Cologne . The 205 hectare industrial and commercial area "PrimeSite Rhine Region" is to be marketed exclusively as an area for large investments. This makes it one of the largest available commercial spaces in Europe .
Marketing of commercial space via online databases
The marketing of newly developed commercial areas is mainly the responsibility of the municipalities and states and is usually carried out by the regional and municipal business development agencies. These provide comprehensive information about the available properties. The systematic recording of the existing commercial space is an important prerequisite for sustainable urban and regional economic development. This is why online databases are increasingly being used in this context. These also offer an effective and transparent way of communicating offers. These databases often not only provide factual data on a commercial space, but also support the investor in his search for the right property with maps, visualizations and other economic geographic data.
Investors often have specific requirements for commercial space in terms of development and infrastructure . This is why the national commercial space portals in particular offer an advantage in search and marketing, as they can offer a much wider range than local providers. Most of the business development agencies in the German federal states now operate such an online commercial space portal. These include, for example, the German site of NRW.Invest with information on available commercial space in North Rhine-Westphalia , the municipal location information system KomSIS in Lower Saxony , the commercial space portal of the Hessen location or SISBY, the location information system in Bavaria .
credentials
- ↑ a b c § 1 General regulations for building areas and building areas
- ↑ Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (BBR): Development of land use from 2005 to 2008 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (BBR): Competitiveness of the regional commercial space potential in Eastern Germany ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Occupied settlement and traffic areas in Germany ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ On the oversupply of commercial space using the example of Thuringia
- ↑ Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon: Location factors
- ↑ See Beos Survey 01: Corporate real estate: Quartiere für dem Mittelstand, series of analyzes with BulwienGesa AG, November 2012 ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.5 MB)
- ↑ European Investment Monitor 2009: Target regions for FDIs in Europe ( Memento of the original from March 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.3 MB)
- ↑ PrimeSite Rhine Region industrial and commercial space
- ↑ NRW.INVEST, Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft Nordrhein-Westfalen ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ KSTA: Laying of the foundation stone PrimeSite Rhine Region ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Study on the subject of "Online commercial property exchanges as a contribution to sustainable development of residential areas" by Hannah Schröder-Klings
- ^ "Interactive online search", FAZ special supplement, September 28, 2007 (PDF; 665 kB)
- ↑ Overview of the commercial space databases of the federal states ( Memento of the original of July 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ German site portal for commercial space
- ↑ KomSIS - The communal location information system for Lower Saxony
- ↑ Commercial space portal of the Hessen location ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SISBY - The Site Information System Bayern
