Escape route sliding door

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An escape route sliding door is a special type of automatic sliding door that is suitable and approved for use in escape and rescue routes .

Legal bases

Automatic door systems and automatic sliding doors in escape and rescue routes are regulated building products in accordance with the sample administrative regulation for technical building regulations (MVV TB ) of the German Institute for Building Technology .

Accordingly, DIN 18650-1, -2: 2005-12 generally applies as a technical rule for automatic door systems. In addition, No. C 2.6.10 of the MVVTB applies to automatic sliding doors in escape routes. The serial no. C C6.10 of the MVVTB is a reference to the "Directive on automatic sliding doors in escape routes (AutSchR)"

Thus, the DIN 18650-1, -2005-12 and the AutSchR are a binding basis for the planning, construction and operation of corresponding door systems.

In addition, the applicable workplace guidelines ( technical rule for workplaces ASR A1.7) must be applied to commercial properties .

functionality

In contrast to single-action doors , which in accordance with DIN EN 179 or EN 1125 can be equipped with appropriate panic locks and fittings for use in escape and rescue routes , a different approach is necessary for sliding doors due to the design.

Due to the design, a sliding door would wedge in the area of ​​the secondary closing edge under increased contact pressure (e.g. from a crowd pushing outwards) and make automatic opening more difficult or even impossible. For this reason, escape route sliding doors are in accordance with To construct AutSchR so that they clear the escape route before the crowd has reached the door.

Escape route sliding doors must therefore:

  • up to a total width of 2 m in the clear can open a total of 80% of their respective clear opening width within 3 seconds
  • in the event of a power failure or failure of a signaling device, automatically open in the opening direction and remain in this position
  • Respond to approach up to 1.5 m across the full width (= open)
  • Mechanical and electrical components must be "single-fault-proof" (AutSchR, Art. 3.5.1)

In the case of automatic sliding doors with an electric drive, one-fault security is usually achieved through redundant motor technology and a double battery pack as well as self-monitoring motion detectors. In rare cases, however, stretched rubber ropes are also used for emergency opening.

These requirements do not make it possible to lock these doors as a rule, as opening an (electro) mechanical lock does not allow 80% of the passage width to be opened within the required 3 seconds.

Because of this, the use of these doors and their subsequent use must be carefully checked, and the operator or his vicarious agents must be instructed in order to point out the possible dangers and possible consequences.

Escape route sliding doors, just like standard sliding doors, usually have at least four programs / operating modes:

  1. closed / locked ("off")
  2. Closing time / exit / one-way street
  3. "Automatic"
  4. Open / "permanently open"

It must be taken into account that only operating modes 2, 3 and, of course, 4 enable the escape and rescue route. If the door also has a circuit that presets a reduced opening width in programs 2, 3 and 4 ("winter opening"), it must be checked whether the escape route width required according to the building permit and escape route concept is maintained.

It is regularly assumed that z. B. in a supermarket after closing time and after work, the staff no longer needs the escape route through the existing escape route sliding door. The sliding door is therefore switched to "closed / locked" during the night and is usually also mechanically locked (using additional locks or automatic multi-point locking).

Conflict of interest

Escape route sliding door
How the “break-out” wing works

In properties that are no longer open to the public at night, for example, but in which people are still staying (e.g. clinics, nursing homes, hotels) or when barrier-free access is required but the exit must be limited (e.g. Due to these requirements, a conflict of interests or guidelines regularly arises: On the one hand, unwanted entry or uncontrolled leaving of the building should be prevented (burglary protection or supervision), on the other hand, the requirements of the AutSchR must be complied with. So far there has been no way around approval in individual cases (§ 20 MBO), whereby this “ last resort ” is associated with considerable effort and costs.

Some manufacturers have therefore reacted and looked for solutions. In principle, different approaches are followed:

  • An adaptation of the lock so that it opens within the required time window. The advantages are lower structural effort and lower additional costs. The disadvantages are that previous systems have to regularly carry out a self-test even when they are locked, which can lead to false alarms in connection with connected intrusion alarm systems; The intrusion protection (= security hole) is also missing during the self-test.
  • Turn-sliding sash / "break-out" systems : The sliding sashes can also be opened outwards after being controlled by an escape door terminal or a central hazard alarm system. This mechanism meets the requirements of the "Directive on electrical locking systems for doors in escape routes (EltVTR)". A corresponding system was first launched on the market in 2011 by the manufacturer GU Automatic with the designation HM-F FT and so far (October 2016) it is the only AutSchR- and EltVTR-compliant escape route sliding door system on the market. The advantages of the new system are: No self-testing is required when the door is closed (= better protection against burglary), there is more planning security. A disadvantage is the more complex construction.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Technical building regulations. German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt), accessed on August 25, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b Directive on automatic sliding doors in escape routes (AutSchR). In: http://www.mil.brandenburg.de/ . Retrieved October 16, 2016 .
  3. ↑ BAuA - ASR A1.7 Doors and Gates / Technical Rules for Workplaces (ASR) / Workplace Law / Workplaces / Topics from AZ / Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In: www.baua.de. Retrieved October 17, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Guideline on electrical locking systems for doors in escape routes (EltVTR). In: http://www.mil.brandenburg.de . Brandenburg Ministry for Urban Development, Housing and Transport, accessed on October 17, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Emergency exit doors GU HM-F FT | GU Automatic GmbH. In: www.gu-automatic.de. Retrieved October 17, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Directive conflict for escape route sliding doors resolved . In: bba . April 14, 2011 ( bba-online.de [accessed October 17, 2016]).