Flying goose model

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The flying geese model (also goose flight model , Japanese 雁 行 形態 論 Gankō Keitairon , English flying-geese model ) is an explanatory model developed by Kaname Akamatsu from economic geography and economic history . It serves to illustrate the economic development using the example of some Asian countries, especially the tiger states .

Geese flying in formation, which gave the model its name

This model refers to the take-off and in-formation flying of the geese . This behavior is also typical for these states. Like the geese, one country, Japan , started with the economic upswing and the others followed its example.

The following time sequence is typical:

  • initially the country's dependence on imports
  • Import substitution through the introduction of light industry
  • resulting in low domestic demand (for imports)
  • Export promotion through labor-intensive production
  • Import restrictions ( import duties ) of the buyer countries; rising wages and thus competition from other low-wage countries
  • Coupling of import substitution and export promotion through capital and human capital intensive production
  • rising wages and competition from other emerging countries ; low competitiveness in terms of innovation
  • Intensification of the high-tech industries up to competitiveness with the other industrialized countries

Following this pattern, several countries could rise as 'ranks' behind Japan:

criticism

Critics accuse the model of following a purely descriptive approach despite its clarity and neglecting the causes and specific framework conditions of economic development over time.

In the course of the "turbulence" caused by the Asian crisis , it was criticized that the parallels between Asian emerging markets could not be based on the similarity of their economic structures , but rather on a similar positioning in the world economy . The various economic and social differences were therefore responsible for the fact that “the idea of ​​a 'formation flight' of the 'Pacific flying geese' [must] be shelved today. Their trajectories are too disordered, the flight maneuvers and flying skills too different. ”( Markus Pohlmann : The Development of Capitalism in East Asia and the Lessons from the Asian Financial Crisis, p. 377 )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Markus Pohlmann: The development of capitalism in East Asia and the lessons from the Asian financial crisis . In: Leviathan . tape 32 , no. 3 , 2004, p. 377 .

Web links

  • www.inwent.org - Article about the developer and the creation of the model