Fagaras Mountains

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Fagaras Mountains
Location of the Făgăraș Mountains

Location of the Făgăraș Mountains

Highest peak Moldoveanu ( 2544  m )
location Romania
part of Southern Carpathians
Coordinates 45 ° 36 '  N , 24 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 36 '  N , 24 ° 44'  E
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The Făgăraş Mountains (also Fagaras Mountains , Romanian Munții Făgăraş , Hungarian Fogarasi-havasok ) are located in the mountain range of the Southern Carpathians in Romania . It is crossed by the Transfogarascher Hochstrasse .

The ridge has a length of about 70 km and a width of 40 km. The mountains cover an area of ​​1,985 km², the altitude is between 351 m and 2,544 m. Within the mountain range, to the west of Brașov (Kronstadt), is Mount Moldoveanu . At 2,544 m, this is the highest elevation in the mountains and in all of Romania.

Five other peaks in the Făgăraș Mountains have a height of over 2,500 m, namely the Negoiu (2,535 m), the Viștea Mare (2,527 m), the Lespezi (2,522 m), the Vânătoarea lui Buteanu (2,507 m) and the Dara (2,501 m). The Șerbota with 2,331 m is one of the mountains with heights below 2,500 m.

There are several smaller lakes in the Făgăraș Mountains.

Climate and typical vegetation boundaries

The climate in the Făgăraş Mountains is harsh and has subpolar elements. The mean annual temperature is −2 ° C, with a temperature range from −38 ° C to +20 ° C. On the north side of the mountains, winter lasts 6 to 7 months.

In the high areas the amount of precipitation is between 1,200 and 1,400 mm per year, in the lower areas between 800 and 1,000 mm.

Beech forests ( Fagus sylvatica ) predominate up to an altitude of 1,000 m . Up to 1,200 m, more and more conifers - primarily silver fir ( Abies alba ) and spruce ( Picea abies ) - are mixed in, above that pure spruce forests grow up to the tree line at around 1,600 m above sea level.

Protected areas and assets

The Făgăraş Mountains and their northern foreland are almost entirely protected by two Natura 2000 areas:

The FFH area "Munții Făgăraș" (EU code: ROSCI0122) was designated in 2006, covers an area of ​​1,986.2 km² and is located entirely in the alpine biogeographical region.

The bird sanctuary "Piemontul Făgăraș" (EU code: ROSPA0098) was also decreed in 2006, has an area of ​​712.0 km² and is located about half in the alpine (51.88%) and the continental biogeographical region (48, 12%) Romania.

Within the Natura 2000 area there are 21 nature reserves that have been decreed according to Romanian nature conservation law.

The FFH area “Munții Făgăraș” (yellow and orange, 1,986.2 km²), the bird sanctuary “Piemontul Făgăraș” (red and orange, 712.0 km²) and the areas that are designated as both an FFH area and a bird sanctuary (orange, 261.4 km²).

The designated FFH habitat types (the EU codes in brackets) already demonstrate the high ecological value of the Făgăraş Mountains: natural flowing waters (3220, 3230 and 3240), heaths and bush vegetation (4060, 4070 and 4080), natural grassland on both limestone - as well as on silicate rock (6150, 6170, 6230, 6410, 6430, 6440 and 6520), alpine pioneer formations with Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae (7240), rocky habitats (8110, 8120, 8210, 8220) and undeveloped caves (8310) as well as forest habitat types from floodplain to high mountain forests (9110, 9130, 9150, 9170, 9180, 91E0, 91Q0, 91V0 and 9410).

The animal and plant populations of Europe-wide importance are also impressive. B. the snail species Drobacia banatica syn. Chilostoma banaticum , which can only be found worldwide today in Romania and the bordering regions in Hungary and the Ukraine (previously also in Germany, Poland, Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia), rare plants from moss to orchids, butterflies and beetles that are protected throughout Europe and fish as well as a number of strictly protected mammals from bats to brown bears.

Particularly noteworthy is the significant occurrence of all three large predators found in Central and Eastern Europe in the Făgăraş Mountains: brown bear ( Ursus arctos ), lynx ( Lynx lynx ) and wolf ( Canis lupus ).

Through the work of STOICA et al. (2014) and MĂRGINEAN (2018), the level of knowledge about the species-rich bat fauna in the Făgăraş Mountains is exceptionally good.

A total of 22 bat species were found in the Făgăraş Mountains, which is more than two thirds (71%) of the 31 bat species found in Romania.

More than half of all bat species occurring in Europe that are listed in Appendix II of the Habitats Directive have a protected habitat in the Habitat Area "Munții Făgăraș".

With regard to the avifauna, strictly protected bird species have their habitats in the northern Făgăraş Mountains and its foreland, e.g. B. Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), Schreiadler ( clanga pomarina syn. Aquila pomarina ) and Schlangenadler ( Circaetus gallicus ), white-backed woodpecker ( Dendrocopos leucotos ), means Specht ( Leiopicus medius syn. Dendrocopos medius ), blood Specht ( Dendrocopos syriacus ) Grauspecht ( Picus canus ) and black woodpecker ( Dryocopus Martius ), Ortolan ( Emberiza hortulana ), pygmy ( Glaucidium passerinum ), Ural ( Strix uralensis ) and Auerhuhn ( Tetrao urogallus ) and grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia syn. Bonasa bonasia ).

A first impression of the protected assets in the Făgăraș Mountains can be obtained from the following videos (Romanian with English subtitles, 2 minutes each):

See also

Picture gallery

  • Aerial view

  • Făgăraş Mountains

  • Moldoveanu

  • Panorama map

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d STOICA, V.-A., MĂRGINEAN, G. & BENEDEK, AM (2014): Bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and their habitat preferences in Făgăraș mountains (Romania) . In: Oltenia - Studii şi comunicări Ştiinţele Naturii (Journal for Studies in Natural Sciences), Vol. 30, Issue 2, December 2014, pp. 175–180
  2. ↑ a b c d Ministerul Mediului (Ministry of the Environment, 2017): Natura 2000 standard data sheet for the "Munții Făgăraș" area (ROSCI0122) . http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=ROSCI0122 , accessed on November 3, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b Ministerul Mediului (Ministry of the Environment, 2016): Natura 2000 standard data sheet for the "Piemontul Fagaraș" area (ROSPA0095) . http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=ROSPA0098 , accessed on November 3, 2019.
  4. ↑ Asociatia Muntii Fagaras (2015): Managementul integrat al siturilor Natura 2000 Munţii Făgăraş şi Piemontul Făgăraş , 15 pp.
  5. ↑ DOMOKOS, T., DELI, T., VARGA, A., FLAVIU-CRIŞAN, H., BALASHOV, I., GHEOCA, ​​V., BIATOV, A., SZAPPANOS, B. & PÁLL-GERGELY, B. ( 2018): Distribution of Drobacia banatica (Rossmässler, 1838) over time and space (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae) . In: Brukenthal National Museum, Acta Musei XIII.3, pp. 459-484
  6. ↑ MĂRGINEAN, G. (2018): Studiu asupra comunităților de chiroptere din Munții Făgăraș și Piatra Craiului , Universitatea București, Facultatea de Biologie, 46 pp.
  7. ↑ MURARIU, D., CHIŞAMERA, G., MĂNTOIU, D. Ş. & POCORA, I. (2016): Romanian Fauna, Volume XVI - Mammalia, Fascicle 3 - Chiroptera , Editura Academiei Române, Note: If the Myotis aurascens described for the first time in 2000 is confirmed as an independent species, it would come as the 32nd bat species with a few copies in Romania.