Former Lý dynasty

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The Lý Rebellion was a Vietnamese uprising from the year 541 against the rule of the Chinese Liang dynasty in the Jiaozhou region (now northern Vietnam ).

The leader of the rebellion, himself of Chinese descent , Lý Bí (or Lý Bôn), previously an official of the Liang, expelled the Chinese governor, repelled an attack by the Champa Empire from the south, conquered the provincial capital Long Biên (now part of Hanoi ) and In 544 he finally declared himself the “southern emperor” ( Nam Đế ). He called his empire Vạn Xuân (" Ten Thousand Years of Spring"). The line of rulership he established in this way was referred to by later Vietnamese historiography as the earlier Lý dynasty ( Nhà Tiền Lý ; 前 李朝). Thanks to the extensive use of guerrilla tactics, it was able to hold out against the Chinese at least regionally for almost sixty years.

The capital and most of the heartland fell back to the Chinese General Chen Baxian in 545 . Lý Bí fled to Laos after the fall of his fortress Gia Ninh in 547 and was murdered here shortly afterwards.

He was succeeded by his brother Lý Thiên Bảo (Emperor's name Đào Lang Vương ) and the general Triệu Quang Phục . While the brother played no major role and died around 555, Triệu Quang Phục, who assumed the imperial name Triệu Việt Vương , managed to stay in the inaccessible delta of the Red River for over twenty years, benefiting from the collapse of the Liang dynasty . He was finally overthrown in 570/71 by Lý Phật Tử ( Hậu Lý Nam Đế , probably identical to Ly Xuan ), who was probably a cousin of the dynasty's founder. He ruled for another thirty years, during which he distinguished himself as a promoter of Buddhism. He was finally deposed by the Sui dynasty around 602/03 . The Vietnamese came under Chinese rule by the middle of the 10th century ( Ngô dynasty ).

In communist Vietnam, Lý Bí and Triệu Quang Phục were considered models for fighting against militarily overpowering opponents.

literature

  • Keith Weller Taylor: The Birth of Vietnam , University of California Press, 1991, Chapter 4, pp. 132-169
  • Vu Hong Lien, Peter Sharrock: Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A History of Vietnam , Reaction Books, 2014, chapter 3
  • Bruce McFarland Lockhart, William J. Duiker : The A to Z of Vietnam , Rowman & Littlefield, 2010, entry Lý Bí , p. 221
  • Spencer Tucker: Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War , Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 1998, 1998, pp. 393