Early start
In sporting races, early start is the beginning of the run or the drive of a competitor before the start signal appears . An early start usually entails sanctions up to and including the exclusion of the competitor.
Since a certain period of time usually elapses between the technical delivery of the start signal and its perception and the reaction of the competitor can take place at different speeds (reaction time), definitions with a time frame in which an early start can be assumed as such are necessary.
athletics
In athletics , a runner makes a jump start (actually: false start) if he starts the start movement before he has heard the start signal (usually a shot). Determine this is up to the start signal donating judges , the starter and one or more appointed to assist him back starters. In large (especially international) competitions, as well as for recognition as a world record, it is also mandatory according to IWR 161.2 to monitor the runners with false start control devices. Electronics permanently register the pressure of the feet on the starting blocks . If the athlete's reaction is detected earlier than 100 milliseconds after the start signal has been given, the electronics will signal a false start. This determination of the false start control device is - except in the case of an obvious malfunction - final. If the start signal has already been given, a false start is indicated by another such signal (shot).
Since 2010, every false start in competitions under IAAF supervision has resulted in disqualification . Athletes who make a false start in the subsequent attempt will also be disqualified.
In an all-around competition , a runner will only be disqualified if he causes the second or subsequent false start of a start attempt. Until 2009, this rule applied to individual disciplines, while one false start per runner was allowed in the all-around competition. Until 2002, one false start per athlete was permitted in individual disciplines, and even two false starts in the all-round competition.
Karting
In karting, there is an early start when a driver, after taking his starting place before the green light lights up, crosses his starting place or his starting line by more than thirty centimeters forwards. If you start too early, you will automatically fall back on the last starting position. When the race is restarted, the entire field takes the new starting positions and drives a new introductory lap. The drivers move up to the starting positions that become available.
Motorcycling
Most motorcycle races have an early start when the front wheel is clearly moving over the closed side of the starting rectangle during the red phase of the start light. An early start is also present if the driver pulls his machine back while it is still in the red phase and starts again from its intended position when switching the traffic light . Drivers who cause an early start will be moved behind the penalty line or the first unoccupied starting row if the start is required to be repeated, or, if the race is considered to have started, the relevant driver will be downgraded by five places as a result of the relevant run.
In other events ( Le Mans-like start ) running before the start signal or starting the engine by the helper or pushing the motorcycle within the starting field is already rated as an early start and punished with a time surcharge of 30 seconds. The team concerned will be informed of the penalty by showing a board with the corresponding start number in the pit lane .
Sailing
In sailing, there are different ways to punish early starters. Basically, every boat that was in front of the start line at the start has to cross the start line regularly or drive around one end of the line and then start. The race director can introduce stricter rules. Then early starters are immediately disqualified.
American football
A special form of the jump start also occurs in American football . If a player of the attacking team ( offense ) moves before the ball is brought into play by the snap , the referee calls a false start . In addition, there is also an early start on the part of the defense ( defense ), which is called when a player of the defending team touches an offense player ( encroachment ) or crosses the line of scrimmage , i.e. the height of the ball ( neutral zone infraction ), also before the ball is put into play. The referee indicates the rule violation, which is punished with 5 yards loss of space, in the first case by circling arms around each other, in the second case by resting both hands on the hips.
In college football early starts are of Defense as Offside , so offside , called, during this term in the National Football League is a jump start of Defense (NFL), only a different of three ways.
Soccer
In football, a player entering a restricted area too early (e.g. center circle on kick-off or penalty area on penalty kick ) can only be punished if the other team has suffered a disadvantage as a result. Otherwise the game just continues.
